{"updated":"2026-11-06","exhaustive":false,"species":[{"id":"acinetobacter-baumannii","species":"Acinetobacter baumannii","aliases":["A. baumannii","鲍曼不动杆菌"],"chemistry":{"en":"mDAP, 4→3 / 3→3","zh":"mDAP，4→3/3→3","es":"mDAP, 4→3 / 3→3"},"evidenceType":"legacy","digestEvidence":{"en":"Open the retained digestion view for source-level records where available. No new species-specific single-enzyme product list is asserted here.","zh":"已有消化页面保留可用的逐篇证据；此条目不新增该物种的单酶产物清单。","es":"La vista de digestión conserva los registros disponibles. Aquí no se afirma una nueva lista de productos de una sola enzima."},"limitations":{"en":"Retained coverage has not been revalidated in this update. A related model does not establish this species’ enzymes, modifications or product abundances.","zh":"本次尚未重新核验旧覆盖条目；相近模型不能证明该菌的酶、修饰或产物丰度。","es":"La cobertura previa no se ha revalidado aquí. Un modelo relacionado no demuestra enzimas, modificaciones ni abundancias de esta especie."},"sources":[{"title":"A. baumannii ElsL is an LD-carboxypeptidase, 2021.","url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8649774/","year":null,"locator":"Retained model reference; not newly reviewed for this species","access":"legacy"},{"title":"A. baumannii PBP7 and PG recycling, 2022.","url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9239154/","year":null,"locator":"Retained model reference; not newly reviewed for this species","access":"legacy"}],"suggestedModel":"acinetobacter","modelRelation":"same_species","catalogSpecies":"A. baumannii","reviewed":false},{"id":"akkermansia-muciniphila","species":"Akkermansia muciniphila","aliases":["A. muciniphila","嗜黏蛋白阿克曼菌","阿克曼氏菌","Akkermansia","嗜粘蛋白阿克曼菌"],"chemistry":{"en":"mDAP-type stems. MucT contains non-acetylated GlcN and O-acetylated MurNAc variants.","zh":"mDAP 型肽干。MucT 检出未乙酰化 GlcN 和 O-乙酰化 MurNAc 变体。","es":"Tallos de tipo mDAP. MucT contiene variantes con GlcN no acetilada y MurNAc O-acetilado."},"evidenceType":"direct_structure","digestEvidence":{"en":"Chemical characterization of MucT (ATCC BAA-835) and later LC-MS/MS profiling support modified glycan-bearing muropeptides.","zh":"MucT（ATCC BAA-835）的化学鉴定及后续 LC-MS/MS 分析支持这些带修饰糖链的胞壁肽。","es":"La caracterización química de MucT (ATCC BAA-835) y perfiles posteriores por LC-MS/MS respaldan muropéptidos con glicanos modificados."},"limitations":{"en":"Keep preparation-specific proportions separate. Modified glycans must not be silently replaced by unmodified GlcNAc–MurNAc. A complete peak and bond map is not yet curated.","zh":"不同样品的比例应分别保留，不能把修饰糖默认为未修饰 GlcNAc–MurNAc；完整逐峰、逐键图尚未整理。","es":"Mantener separadas las proporciones de cada preparación. No sustituir los glicanos modificados por GlcNAc–MurNAc sin modificar. Falta un mapa completo de picos y enlaces."},"sources":[{"title":"Peptidoglycan from Akkermansia muciniphila MucT: chemical structure and immunostimulatory properties of muropeptides","url":"https://research.wur.nl/en/publications/peptidoglycan-from-akkermansia-muciniphila-mucsuptsupchemical-str/","year":2022,"doi":"10.1093/glycob/cwac027","locator":"Author institution abstract: strain MucT/ATCC BAA-835 and sugar modifications; full article not inspected in this audit.","access":"abstract"},{"title":"In silico MS/MS prediction for peptidoglycan profiling uncovers novel anti-inflammatory peptidoglycan fragments of the gut microbiota","url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10829024/","year":2024,"doi":"10.1039/d3sc05819k","locator":"Results: comprehensive PGN profiling in gut bacteria; Figures 4B and 5.","access":"full_text"}],"suggestedModel":null,"modelRelation":null,"catalogSpecies":null,"reviewed":true},{"id":"bacillus-cereus","species":"Bacillus cereus","aliases":["B. cereus","蜡样芽孢杆菌"],"chemistry":{"en":"The RSVF1 study reports extensive glucosamine N-deacetylation and predominantly dimeric cross-linked muropeptides.","zh":"RSVF1 菌株研究报告了广泛的葡糖胺 N-去乙酰化，交联胞壁肽以二聚体为主。","es":"El estudio de RSVF1 describe amplia N-desacetilación de glucosamina y muropéptidos entrecruzados predominantemente diméricos."},"evidenceType":"direct_structure","digestEvidence":{"en":"A species-specific muropeptide study exists; the accessible abstract reports only small amounts of higher oligomers.","zh":"已有该物种的胞壁肽结构研究；可访问摘要报告高聚体仅占少量。","es":"Existe un estudio específico de muropéptidos; el resumen accesible indica cantidades pequeñas de oligómeros superiores."},"limitations":{"en":"Abstract-level verification only. Do not import the B. subtilis stem, enzyme inventory or digest peak table as RSVF1 measurements.","zh":"本次仅核验到摘要层级；不可将 B. subtilis 的肽干、酶目录或峰表直接充作 RSVF1 实测结果。","es":"Verificación limitada al resumen. No trasladar el tallo, las enzimas ni los picos de B. subtilis como mediciones de RSVF1."},"sources":[{"title":"The structure of the cell wall peptidoglycan of Bacillus cereus RSVF1, a strain closely related to Bacillus anthracis","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15256021/","year":2004,"doi":"10.1089/1076629041310082","locator":"Abstract; RSVF1; PMID 15256021","access":"indexed_excerpt"}],"suggestedModel":null,"modelRelation":null,"catalogSpecies":null,"reviewed":true},{"id":"bacillus-subtilis","species":"Bacillus subtilis","aliases":["B. subtilis","枯草芽孢杆菌"],"chemistry":{"en":"Direct mDAP","zh":"直接mDAP","es":"mDAP directo"},"evidenceType":"legacy","digestEvidence":{"en":"Open the retained digestion view for source-level records where available. No new species-specific single-enzyme product list is asserted here.","zh":"已有消化页面保留可用的逐篇证据；此条目不新增该物种的单酶产物清单。","es":"La vista de digestión conserva los registros disponibles. Aquí no se afirma una nueva lista de productos de una sola enzima."},"limitations":{"en":"Retained coverage has not been revalidated in this update. A related model does not establish this species’ enzymes, modifications or product abundances.","zh":"本次尚未重新核验旧覆盖条目；相近模型不能证明该菌的酶、修饰或产物丰度。","es":"La cobertura previa no se ha revalidado aquí. Un modelo relacionado no demuestra enzimas, modificaciones ni abundancias de esta especie."},"sources":[{"title":"B. subtilis LytE/CwlO D,L-endopeptidase activities, 2012.","url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3272963/","year":null,"locator":"Retained model reference; not newly reviewed for this species","access":"legacy"},{"title":"RodA/SEDS PG polymerase discovery, 2016.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/nature19331","year":null,"locator":"Retained model reference; not newly reviewed for this species","access":"legacy"}],"suggestedModel":"bacillus","modelRelation":"same_species","catalogSpecies":"B. subtilis","reviewed":false},{"id":"bacteroides-fragilis","species":"Bacteroides fragilis","aliases":["B. fragilis","脆弱拟杆菌"],"chemistry":{"en":"mDAP-containing PG; O-acetyl-MurNAc muropeptides reported.","zh":"含 mDAP 的肽聚糖；检出 O-乙酰化 MurNAc 胞壁肽。","es":"PG con mDAP; se describieron muropéptidos con MurNAc O-acetilado."},"evidenceType":"direct_structure","digestEvidence":{"en":"HAMA reports reduced mutanolysin-digest LC-MS/MS assignments.","zh":"HAMA 报道了 mutanolysin 酶解、还原后的 LC-MS/MS 结构归属。","es":"HAMA presenta asignaciones por LC-MS/MS tras digestión con mutanolisina y reducción."},"limitations":{"en":"Species-specific peak structures remain to be transcribed and checked. Do not reuse an E. coli chromatogram or treat chemical reduction as an enzyme reaction.","zh":"该物种的逐峰结构仍需转录核对；不能套用大肠杆菌峰图，也不能把化学还原画成酶切反应。","es":"Falta transcribir y verificar cada pico. No reutilizar un cromatograma de E. coli ni representar la reducción química como una reacción enzimática."},"sources":[{"title":"High-throughput Automated Muropeptide Analysis (HAMA) Reveals Peptidoglycan Composition of Gut Microbial Cell Walls","url":"https://elifesciences.org/reviewed-preprints/88491v2","year":2023,"doi":"10.7554/eLife.88491.2","locator":"Results: gut bacterial PGN structures; Table 2; Supplementary Tables 9–12. Reviewed preprint v2.","access":"full_text"},{"title":"Peptidoglycan composition of gram-negative obligately anaerobic rods","url":"https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jgam1955/27/3/27_3_199/_article/-char/en","year":1981,"doi":"10.2323/jgam.27.199","locator":"Abstract: B. fragilis NCTC 9343 composition; composition evidence only.","access":"abstract"}],"suggestedModel":null,"modelRelation":null,"catalogSpecies":null,"reviewed":true},{"id":"bacteroides-thetaiotaomicron","species":"Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron","aliases":["B. thetaiotaomicron","多形拟杆菌","B. theta"],"chemistry":{"en":"mDAP-containing PG; O-acetyl-MurNAc muropeptides reported.","zh":"含 mDAP 的肽聚糖；检出 O-乙酰化 MurNAc 胞壁肽。","es":"PG con mDAP; se describieron muropéptidos con MurNAc O-acetilado."},"evidenceType":"direct_structure","digestEvidence":{"en":"HAMA reports reduced mutanolysin-digest LC-MS/MS assignments.","zh":"HAMA 报道了 mutanolysin 酶解、还原后的 LC-MS/MS 结构归属。","es":"HAMA presenta asignaciones por LC-MS/MS tras digestión con mutanolisina y reducción."},"limitations":{"en":"Its individual chromatographic peaks and crosslink topology are not yet curated here. The 1981 composition assay alone does not identify a peptide bond.","zh":"本页尚未逐一整理其色谱峰和交联拓扑；1981 年的组分分析本身不能确定具体肽键。","es":"Aún faltan los picos individuales y la topología de entrecruzamiento. El análisis composicional de 1981 por sí solo no identifica enlaces peptídicos."},"sources":[{"title":"High-throughput Automated Muropeptide Analysis (HAMA) Reveals Peptidoglycan Composition of Gut Microbial Cell Walls","url":"https://elifesciences.org/reviewed-preprints/88491v2","year":2023,"doi":"10.7554/eLife.88491.2","locator":"Results: gut bacterial PGN structures; Table 2; Supplementary Tables 9–12. Reviewed preprint v2.","access":"full_text"},{"title":"Peptidoglycan composition of gram-negative obligately anaerobic rods","url":"https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jgam1955/27/3/27_3_199/_article/-char/en","year":1981,"doi":"10.2323/jgam.27.199","locator":"Abstract: mDAP detected in B. thetaiotaomicron; composition evidence only.","access":"abstract"}],"suggestedModel":null,"modelRelation":null,"catalogSpecies":null,"reviewed":true},{"id":"bifidobacterium-adolescentis","species":"Bifidobacterium adolescentis","aliases":["B. adolescentis","青春双歧杆菌"],"chemistry":{"en":"Lys-rich, not exclusively Lys: Orn variants coexist. The Lys subgroup has β-Asp/β-isoAsn bridges and abundant anhydro-MurNAc.","zh":"富含 Lys，但并非纯 Lys 型，Orn 变体并存；Lys 亚群带 β-Asp/β-isoAsn 桥，脱水 MurNAc 丰富。","es":"Predomina Lys, pero coexisten variantes con Orn. El subgrupo Lys presenta puentes β-Asp/β-isoAsn y abundante anhidro-MurNAc."},"evidenceType":"direct_structure","digestEvidence":{"en":"LC-MS/MS resolves heterogeneous stems. A 2026 Bifi-94 study adds host-response evidence, not a replacement peak atlas.","zh":"LC-MS/MS 显示肽干异质性。2026 年 Bifi-94 研究补充宿主反应证据，不构成新的完整峰图。","es":"LC-MS/MS muestra tallos heterogéneos. El estudio Bifi-94 de 2026 aporta respuesta del huésped, no un atlas sustitutivo de picos."},"limitations":{"en":"The Lys–D-Asx model represents only a subgroup. BaMep D,L-endopeptidase activity was not demonstrated under the 2025 study's conditions.","zh":"Lys–D-Asx 模型只代表一个亚群。2025 年研究未在测试条件下证明 BaMep 的 D,L-内肽酶活性。","es":"El modelo Lys–D-Asx solo representa un subgrupo. No se demostró actividad D,L-endopeptidasa de BaMep en las condiciones del estudio de 2025."},"sources":[{"title":"In silico MS/MS prediction for peptidoglycan profiling uncovers novel anti-inflammatory peptidoglycan fragments of the gut microbiota","url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10829024/","year":2024,"doi":"10.1039/d3sc05819k","locator":"Figures 4B, 5 and S8B; Results: Lys/Orn heterogeneity and bridge composition.","access":"full_text"},{"title":"Biochemical characterization of Bifidobacterium bifidum peptidoglycan d,l-endopeptidase BbMep that generates NOD2 ligands","url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12160582/","year":2025,"doi":"10.1039/d5cb00086f","locator":"Results: BaMep from B. adolescentis ATCC 15703; Figure 2 and Tables S1, S3–S6; lack of demonstrated activity.","access":"full_text"},{"title":"Peptidoglycan from Bifidobacterium adolescentis enhances IL-10 production in regulatory B cells to alleviate gut inflammation","url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12795277/","year":2026,"doi":"10.1080/19490976.2025.2611603","locator":"Abstract and Results: Bifi-94 host-response and PG biosynthetic-expression evidence; published 9 January 2026.","access":"full_text"}],"suggestedModel":"bifido","modelRelation":"same_species","catalogSpecies":"B. adolescentis","reviewed":true},{"id":"bifidobacterium-bifidum","species":"Bifidobacterium bifidum","aliases":["B. bifidum","两歧双歧杆菌","双歧双歧杆菌"],"chemistry":{"en":"Orn-dominant stems, minor Lys variants, Ser-Asp bridges; these are not the adolescentis Lys–D-Asx model.","zh":"肽干以 Orn 为主，含少量 Lys 变体和 Ser-Asp 桥；不能套用 adolescentis 的 Lys–D-Asx 模型。","es":"Predominan tallos con Orn, con variantes minoritarias de Lys y puentes Ser-Asp; no equivalen al modelo Lys–D-Asx de adolescentis."},"evidenceType":"direct_structure","digestEvidence":{"en":"BbMep cuts stem 2→3. Soluble glycan-dipeptide release also requires muramidase; mutanolysin does not cut the peptide.","zh":"BbMep 切肽干 2→3 位。释放可溶性糖-二肽还需 胞壁质酶；mutanolysin 不切肽键。","es":"BbMep corta el tallo 2→3. Liberar glicano-dipéptidos solubles requiere además muramidasa; la mutanolisina no corta el péptido."},"limitations":{"en":"Tested non-crosslinked monomers were not BbMep substrates. Do not extrapolate to every NlpC/p60 homolog.","zh":"测试的非交联单体不是 BbMep 底物；不可外推到所有 NlpC/p60 同源物。","es":"Los monómeros no entrecruzados ensayados no fueron sustratos de BbMep. No extrapolar a todo homólogo NlpC/p60."},"sources":[{"title":"Biochemical characterization of Bifidobacterium bifidum peptidoglycan d,l-endopeptidase BbMep that generates NOD2 ligands","url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12160582/","year":2025,"doi":"10.1039/d5cb00086f","locator":"Figures 1–2; Results: sacculi activity and monomer substrate boundary; Figure S8. ATCC 15696 proteome used for BbMep identification.","access":"full_text"},{"title":"In silico MS/MS prediction for peptidoglycan profiling uncovers novel anti-inflammatory peptidoglycan fragments of the gut microbiota","url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10829024/","year":2024,"doi":"10.1039/d3sc05819k","locator":"Figures 4B, 5 and S8B: species-specific PGN profiles.","access":"full_text"}],"suggestedModel":null,"modelRelation":null,"catalogSpecies":"B. bifidum","reviewed":true},{"id":"bifidobacterium-longum","species":"Bifidobacterium longum","aliases":["B. longum","长双歧杆菌"],"chemistry":{"en":"HAMA reports Orn stems and Ser-Ala-Thr-Ala bridges.","zh":"HAMA 报道 Orn 肽干与 Ser-Ala-Thr-Ala 桥。","es":"HAMA describe tallos con Orn y puentes Ser-Ala-Thr-Ala."},"evidenceType":"direct_structure","digestEvidence":{"en":"Mutanolysin-digest LC-MS/MS profiles include monomers and multimers.","zh":"mutanolysin 酶解 LC-MS/MS 图谱包含单体及多聚体。","es":"Los perfiles por LC-MS/MS tras mutanolisina incluyen monómeros y multímeros."},"limitations":{"en":"The proposed 3→3 crosslinks are inferred, not established enzyme activity. Preserve strain and subspecies labels; infantis is separately indexed. Bridge direction and individual peak structures still require figure-level curation.","zh":"所提出的 3→3 交联属于推断，不是已验证酶活性。保留菌株、亚种信息；infantis 单独收录。桥方向和逐峰结构仍需图级核对。","es":"Los enlaces 3→3 propuestos son inferencias, no actividad enzimática demostrada. Conservar cepa y subespecie; infantis se indexa aparte. Falta revisar la orientación del puente y cada pico."},"sources":[{"title":"High-throughput Automated Muropeptide Analysis (HAMA) Reveals Peptidoglycan Composition of Gut Microbial Cell Walls","url":"https://elifesciences.org/reviewed-preprints/88491v2","year":2023,"doi":"10.7554/eLife.88491.2","locator":"Results: species-specific bridges; Figure 5; crosslink-inference section. Reviewed preprint v2; biochemical confirmation of proposed Ldts explicitly pending.","access":"full_text"}],"suggestedModel":null,"modelRelation":null,"catalogSpecies":null,"reviewed":true},{"id":"bifidobacterium-longum-subsp-infantis","species":"Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis","aliases":["B. longum subsp. infantis","婴儿双歧杆菌","Bifidobacterium infantis","B. infantis","B. longum infantis","长双歧杆菌婴儿亚种"],"chemistry":{"en":"Orn-dominant stems with minor Lys-containing muropeptides; anhydro-MurNAc products were detected.","zh":"肽干以 Orn 为主，检出少量含 Lys 胞壁肽及脱水 MurNAc 产物。","es":"Predominan tallos con Orn; se detectaron muropéptidos minoritarios con Lys y productos con anhidro-MurNAc."},"evidenceType":"direct_structure","digestEvidence":{"en":"PGN_MS2 LC-MS/MS profiling reports a distinct infantis composition.","zh":"PGN_MS2 的 LC-MS/MS 分析单独报告 infantis 组分。","es":"El perfil LC-MS/MS de PGN_MS2 distingue la composición de infantis."},"limitations":{"en":"The paper labels the sample B. infantis. Do not substitute B. adolescentis chemistry or assign all B. longum strains this profile. Exact bridge variants remain untranscribed here.","zh":"原文样品标作 B. infantis；不能替换为 B. adolescentis 结构，也不能将此图谱套用于全部 B. longum 菌株。本页尚未转录具体桥变体。","es":"El artículo denomina la muestra B. infantis. No sustituir su química por la de B. adolescentis ni aplicar el perfil a todo B. longum. Faltan variantes concretas del puente."},"sources":[{"title":"In silico MS/MS prediction for peptidoglycan profiling uncovers novel anti-inflammatory peptidoglycan fragments of the gut microbiota","url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10829024/","year":2024,"doi":"10.1039/d3sc05819k","locator":"Figures 4B, 5 and S8B: B. infantis specimen, distinct from B. adolescentis and B. bifidum.","access":"full_text"}],"suggestedModel":null,"modelRelation":null,"catalogSpecies":null,"reviewed":true},{"id":"borrelia-burgdorferi","species":"Borrelia burgdorferi","aliases":["B. burgdorferi","伯氏疏螺旋体"],"chemistry":{"en":"Orn-Gly","zh":"Orn-Gly","es":"Orn-Gly"},"evidenceType":"legacy","digestEvidence":{"en":"Open the retained digestion view for source-level records where available. No new species-specific single-enzyme product list is asserted here.","zh":"已有消化页面保留可用的逐篇证据；此条目不新增该物种的单酶产物清单。","es":"La vista de digestión conserva los registros disponibles. Aquí no se afirma una nueva lista de productos de una sola enzima."},"limitations":{"en":"Retained coverage has not been revalidated in this update. A related model does not establish this species’ enzymes, modifications or product abundances.","zh":"本次尚未重新核验旧覆盖条目；相近模型不能证明该菌的酶、修饰或产物丰度。","es":"La cobertura previa no se ha revalidado aquí. Un modelo relacionado no demuestra enzimas, modificaciones ni abundancias de esta especie."},"sources":[{"title":"B. burgdorferi Orn/Gly PG structure, 2019.","url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6613144/","year":null,"locator":"Retained model reference; not newly reviewed for this species","access":"legacy"},{"title":"B. burgdorferi PG cleavage enzymes, 2025.","url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11741416/","year":null,"locator":"Retained model reference; not newly reviewed for this species","access":"legacy"}],"suggestedModel":"borrelia","modelRelation":"same_species","catalogSpecies":"B. burgdorferi","reviewed":false},{"id":"burkholderia-cenocepacia","species":"Burkholderia cenocepacia","aliases":["B. cenocepacia","洋葱伯克霍尔德菌复合群"],"chemistry":{"en":"Species-specific chemistry has not yet been verified in this atlas.","zh":"本图谱尚未核实该物种的特异化学结构。","es":"La química específica aún no se ha verificado en este atlas."},"evidenceType":"gap","digestEvidence":{"en":"Open the retained digestion view for source-level records where available. No new species-specific single-enzyme product list is asserted here.","zh":"已有消化页面保留可用的逐篇证据；此条目不新增该物种的单酶产物清单。","es":"La vista de digestión conserva los registros disponibles. Aquí no se afirma una nueva lista de productos de una sola enzima."},"limitations":{"en":"Retained coverage has not been revalidated in this update. A related model does not establish this species’ enzymes, modifications or product abundances.","zh":"本次尚未重新核验旧覆盖条目；相近模型不能证明该菌的酶、修饰或产物丰度。","es":"La cobertura previa no se ha revalidado aquí. Un modelo relacionado no demuestra enzimas, modificaciones ni abundancias de esta especie."},"sources":[],"suggestedModel":null,"modelRelation":null,"catalogSpecies":null,"reviewed":false},{"id":"campylobacter-jejuni","species":"Campylobacter jejuni","aliases":["C. jejuni","空肠弯曲杆菌"],"chemistry":{"en":"Direct mDAP","zh":"直接mDAP","es":"mDAP directo"},"evidenceType":"legacy","digestEvidence":{"en":"Open the retained digestion view for source-level records where available. No new species-specific single-enzyme product list is asserted here.","zh":"已有消化页面保留可用的逐篇证据；此条目不新增该物种的单酶产物清单。","es":"La vista de digestión conserva los registros disponibles. Aquí no se afirma una nueva lista de productos de una sola enzima."},"limitations":{"en":"Retained coverage has not been revalidated in this update. A related model does not establish this species’ enzymes, modifications or product abundances.","zh":"本次尚未重新核验旧覆盖条目；相近模型不能证明该菌的酶、修饰或产物丰度。","es":"La cobertura previa no se ha revalidado aquí. Un modelo relacionado no demuestra enzimas, modificaciones ni abundancias de esta especie."},"sources":[{"title":"H. pylori Csd enzymes and PG modification, 2012.","url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3310797/","year":null,"locator":"Retained model reference; not newly reviewed for this species","access":"legacy"},{"title":"C. jejuni Pgp2/Pgp1 cleavage sequence, 2014.","url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3961634/","year":null,"locator":"Retained model reference; not newly reviewed for this species","access":"legacy"},{"title":"C. jejuni Pgp enzyme characterization, 2023.","url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10151779/","year":null,"locator":"Retained model reference; not newly reviewed for this species","access":"legacy"}],"suggestedModel":"helical","modelRelation":"same_species","catalogSpecies":"C. jejuni","reviewed":false},{"id":"caulobacter-crescentus","species":"Caulobacter crescentus","aliases":["C. crescentus","新月柄杆菌","新月柄细菌"],"chemistry":{"en":"mDAP-type PG with an MS-assigned mDAP–mDAP (3→3) dimer, Gly at stem position 5, and anhydro-MurNAc ends. It is chemically distinct from an E. coli profile.","zh":"mDAP 型 PG，质谱鉴定了 mDAP–mDAP（3→3）二聚体、肽干第 5 位 Gly 及脱水 MurNAc 末端；其图谱与大肠杆菌不同。","es":"PG de tipo mDAP con un dímero mDAP–mDAP (3→3) asignado por MS, Gly en la posición 5 y extremos anhidro-MurNAc. Su perfil difiere del de E. coli."},"evidenceType":"direct_structure","digestEvidence":{"en":"CB15N HPLC/MS assignments include monomers, dimers, trimers and tetramers; Figure 6 and Table 2 provide the source-specific composition.","zh":"CB15N 的 HPLC/MS 归属包括单体、二聚体、三聚体和四聚体；图 6、表 2 提供该样品的组成。","es":"Las asignaciones HPLC/MS de CB15N incluyen monómeros, dímeros, trímeros y tetrámeros; la Figura 6 y la Tabla 2 describen esa muestra."},"limitations":{"en":"The source reports reduced muropeptides; do not relabel its profile as lysostaphin or mutanolysin-only evidence without checking the preparation. Treatment-dependent profiles are separate datasets.","zh":"来源报告还原后的胞壁肽；未核对制备过程前，不能改标为 lysostaphin 或单独 mutanolysin 的证据。不同处理的图谱须分开。","es":"La fuente presenta muropéptidos reducidos; no atribuirlos a lisostafina o solo mutanolisina sin comprobar la preparación. Los perfiles de tratamientos distintos son conjuntos separados."},"sources":[{"title":"MreB Drives De Novo Rod Morphogenesis in Caulobacter crescentus via Remodeling of the Cell Wall","url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2832515/","year":2010,"doi":"10.1128/JB.01311-09","locator":"Results: changes in PG composition; Figure 6, Table 2 and Supplementary Tables S4–S5. Published online 18 December 2009; 2010 journal issue.","access":"full_text"}],"suggestedModel":null,"modelRelation":null,"catalogSpecies":null,"reviewed":true},{"id":"chlamydia-trachomatis","species":"Chlamydia trachomatis","aliases":["C. trachomatis","沙眼衣原体"],"chemistry":{"en":"PG localized at division","zh":"分裂局部PG","es":"PG localizado en la división"},"evidenceType":"legacy","digestEvidence":{"en":"Open the retained digestion view for source-level records where available. No new species-specific single-enzyme product list is asserted here.","zh":"已有消化页面保留可用的逐篇证据；此条目不新增该物种的单酶产物清单。","es":"La vista de digestión conserva los registros disponibles. Aquí no se afirma una nueva lista de productos de una sola enzima."},"limitations":{"en":"Retained coverage has not been revalidated in this update. A related model does not establish this species’ enzymes, modifications or product abundances.","zh":"本次尚未重新核验旧覆盖条目；相近模型不能证明该菌的酶、修饰或产物丰度。","es":"La cobertura previa no se ha revalidado aquí. Un modelo relacionado no demuestra enzimas, modificaciones ni abundancias de esta especie."},"sources":[{"title":"Chlamydial division-associated PG ring, 2016.","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27144308/","year":null,"locator":"Retained model reference; not newly reviewed for this species","access":"legacy"},{"title":"C. trachomatis AmiA biochemical characterization, 2026.","url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13104611/","year":null,"locator":"Retained model reference; not newly reviewed for this species","access":"legacy"}],"suggestedModel":"chlamydia","modelRelation":"same_species","catalogSpecies":"C. trachomatis","reviewed":false},{"id":"citrobacter-freundii","species":"Citrobacter freundii","aliases":["C. freundii","弗氏柠檬酸杆菌"],"chemistry":{"en":"Typical direct mDAP","zh":"典型直接mDAP","es":"mDAP directo típico"},"evidenceType":"legacy","digestEvidence":{"en":"Open the retained digestion view for source-level records where available. No new species-specific single-enzyme product list is asserted here.","zh":"已有消化页面保留可用的逐篇证据；此条目不新增该物种的单酶产物清单。","es":"La vista de digestión conserva los registros disponibles. Aquí no se afirma una nueva lista de productos de una sola enzima."},"limitations":{"en":"Retained coverage has not been revalidated in this update. A related model does not establish this species’ enzymes, modifications or product abundances.","zh":"本次尚未重新核验旧覆盖条目；相近模型不能证明该菌的酶、修饰或产物丰度。","es":"La cobertura previa no se ha revalidado aquí. Un modelo relacionado no demuestra enzimas, modificaciones ni abundancias de esta especie."},"sources":[],"suggestedModel":"ecoli","modelRelation":"related","catalogSpecies":null,"reviewed":false},{"id":"clostridioides-difficile","species":"Clostridioides difficile","aliases":["C. difficile","艰难梭菌","Clostridium difficile"],"chemistry":{"en":"Predominantly 3→3 mDAP","zh":"主要3→3 mDAP","es":"mDAP, principalmente 3→3"},"evidenceType":"legacy","digestEvidence":{"en":"Open the retained digestion view for source-level records where available. No new species-specific single-enzyme product list is asserted here.","zh":"已有消化页面保留可用的逐篇证据；此条目不新增该物种的单酶产物清单。","es":"La vista de digestión conserva los registros disponibles. Aquí no se afirma una nueva lista de productos de una sola enzima."},"limitations":{"en":"Retained coverage has not been revalidated in this update. A related model does not establish this species’ enzymes, modifications or product abundances.","zh":"本次尚未重新核验旧覆盖条目；相近模型不能证明该菌的酶、修饰或产物丰度。","es":"La cobertura previa no se ha revalidado aquí. Un modelo relacionado no demuestra enzimas, modificaciones ni abundancias de esta especie."},"sources":[{"title":"C. difficile PG: extensive deacetylation and 3-3 crosslinks, 2011.","url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3190713/","year":null,"locator":"Retained model reference; not newly reviewed for this species","access":"legacy"},{"title":"C. difficile CwlA, 2021.","url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8262956/","year":null,"locator":"Retained model reference; not newly reviewed for this species","access":"legacy"},{"title":"C. difficile Cwp19 LT specificity, 2018.","url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6016235/","year":null,"locator":"Retained model reference; not newly reviewed for this species","access":"legacy"},{"title":"C. difficile noncanonical crosslinks: assignments require care, 2024.","url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10792238/","year":null,"locator":"Retained model reference; not newly reviewed for this species","access":"legacy"}],"suggestedModel":"cdiff","modelRelation":"same_species","catalogSpecies":"C. difficile","reviewed":false},{"id":"clostridium-perfringens","species":"Clostridium perfringens","aliases":["C. perfringens","产气荚膜梭菌"],"chemistry":{"en":"LL-DAP-Gly","zh":"LL-DAP-Gly","es":"LL-DAP-Gly"},"evidenceType":"legacy","digestEvidence":{"en":"Open the retained digestion view for source-level records where available. No new species-specific single-enzyme product list is asserted here.","zh":"已有消化页面保留可用的逐篇证据；此条目不新增该物种的单酶产物清单。","es":"La vista de digestión conserva los registros disponibles. Aquí no se afirma una nueva lista de productos de una sola enzima."},"limitations":{"en":"Retained coverage has not been revalidated in this update. A related model does not establish this species’ enzymes, modifications or product abundances.","zh":"本次尚未重新核验旧覆盖条目；相近模型不能证明该菌的酶、修饰或产物丰度。","es":"La cobertura previa no se ha revalidado aquí. Un modelo relacionado no demuestra enzimas, modificaciones ni abundancias de esta especie."},"sources":[{"title":"C. perfringens / Streptomyces LL-DAP-Gly structure, 1970.","url":"https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/85150","year":null,"locator":"Retained model reference; not newly reviewed for this species","access":"legacy"}],"suggestedModel":"lldap","modelRelation":"same_species","catalogSpecies":null,"reviewed":false},{"id":"corynebacterium-glutamicum","species":"Corynebacterium glutamicum","aliases":["C. glutamicum","谷氨酸棒杆菌"],"chemistry":{"en":"Amidated mDAP","zh":"酰胺化mDAP","es":"mDAP amidado"},"evidenceType":"legacy","digestEvidence":{"en":"Open the retained digestion view for source-level records where available. No new species-specific single-enzyme product list is asserted here.","zh":"已有消化页面保留可用的逐篇证据；此条目不新增该物种的单酶产物清单。","es":"La vista de digestión conserva los registros disponibles. Aquí no se afirma una nueva lista de productos de una sola enzima."},"limitations":{"en":"Retained coverage has not been revalidated in this update. A related model does not establish this species’ enzymes, modifications or product abundances.","zh":"本次尚未重新核验旧覆盖条目；相近模型不能证明该菌的酶、修饰或产物丰度。","es":"La cobertura previa no se ha revalidado aquí. Un modelo relacionado no demuestra enzimas, modificaciones ni abundancias de esta especie."},"sources":[{"title":"C. glutamicum LtsA-dependent DAP amidation, 2015.","url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4505564/","year":null,"locator":"Retained model reference; not newly reviewed for this species","access":"legacy"}],"suggestedModel":"corynebacterium","modelRelation":"same_species","catalogSpecies":null,"reviewed":false},{"id":"cutibacterium-acnes","species":"Cutibacterium acnes","aliases":["C. acnes","痤疮丙酸杆菌","Propionibacterium acnes","P. acnes","痤疮皮肤杆菌"],"chemistry":{"en":"C7 contains LL-DAP, D-Ala and glycine-containing cross-link regions; the proposed architecture differs from the standard direct meso-DAP model.","zh":"C7 含 LL-DAP、D-Ala 及含 Gly 的交联区；提出的结构不同于常规 meso-DAP 直接交联模型。","es":"C7 contiene LL-DAP, D-Ala y regiones de entrecruzamiento con glicina; la arquitectura propuesta difiere del modelo directo meso-DAP."},"evidenceType":"direct_structure","digestEvidence":{"en":"The 1982 assignment combines composition, termini and enzymatic/partial-acid fragments; it is not a mutanolysin-only product table.","zh":"1982 年指认结合组成、末端及酶解/部分酸水解片段；并非 mutanolysin 单酶产物表。","es":"La asignación de 1982 combina composición, extremos y fragmentos enzimáticos/de hidrólisis ácida parcial; no es una tabla de mutanolysin sola."},"limitations":{"en":"Abstract-level verification of a proposed C7 structure; exact glycine attachment topology requires the original structural figure.","zh":"本次核验到摘要中的 C7 提议结构；Gly 的精确连接拓扑仍须对照原始结构图。","es":"Se verificó el resumen de una estructura propuesta para C7; la topología exacta de glicina requiere la figura original."},"sources":[{"title":"Structures and biological activities of peptidoglycans of Listeria monocytogenes and Propionibacterium acnes","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6811573/","year":1982,"doi":"10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a133918","locator":"Abstract: P. acnes C7 structural analysis; PMID 6811573","access":"abstract"}],"suggestedModel":null,"modelRelation":null,"catalogSpecies":null,"reviewed":true},{"id":"enterobacter-cloacae","species":"Enterobacter cloacae","aliases":["E. cloacae","阴沟肠杆菌"],"chemistry":{"en":"Typical direct mDAP","zh":"典型直接mDAP","es":"mDAP directo típico"},"evidenceType":"legacy","digestEvidence":{"en":"Open the retained digestion view for source-level records where available. No new species-specific single-enzyme product list is asserted here.","zh":"已有消化页面保留可用的逐篇证据；此条目不新增该物种的单酶产物清单。","es":"La vista de digestión conserva los registros disponibles. Aquí no se afirma una nueva lista de productos de una sola enzima."},"limitations":{"en":"Retained coverage has not been revalidated in this update. A related model does not establish this species’ enzymes, modifications or product abundances.","zh":"本次尚未重新核验旧覆盖条目；相近模型不能证明该菌的酶、修饰或产物丰度。","es":"La cobertura previa no se ha revalidado aquí. Un modelo relacionado no demuestra enzimas, modificaciones ni abundancias de esta especie."},"sources":[],"suggestedModel":"ecoli","modelRelation":"related","catalogSpecies":null,"reviewed":false},{"id":"enterococcus-faecalis","species":"Enterococcus faecalis","aliases":["E. faecalis","粪肠球菌"],"chemistry":{"en":"Ala2-Lys","zh":"Ala2-Lys","es":"Ala2-Lys"},"evidenceType":"legacy","digestEvidence":{"en":"Open the retained digestion view for source-level records where available. No new species-specific single-enzyme product list is asserted here.","zh":"已有消化页面保留可用的逐篇证据；此条目不新增该物种的单酶产物清单。","es":"La vista de digestión conserva los registros disponibles. Aquí no se afirma una nueva lista de productos de una sola enzima."},"limitations":{"en":"Retained coverage has not been revalidated in this update. A related model does not establish this species’ enzymes, modifications or product abundances.","zh":"本次尚未重新核验旧覆盖条目；相近模型不能证明该菌的酶、修饰或产物丰度。","es":"La cobertura previa no se ha revalidado aquí. Un modelo relacionado no demuestra enzimas, modificaciones ni abundancias de esta especie."},"sources":[{"title":"E. faecalis AtlA endoglucosaminidase, 2022.","url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9108991/","year":null,"locator":"Retained model reference; not newly reviewed for this species","access":"legacy"},{"title":"E. faecalis AtlB/AtlC muramidases, 2008.","url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0021925820814367","year":null,"locator":"Retained model reference; not newly reviewed for this species","access":"legacy"},{"title":"E. faecalis AtlE muramidase and EPA release, 2025.","url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12208459/","year":null,"locator":"Retained model reference; not newly reviewed for this species","access":"legacy"},{"title":"E. faecalis EnpA cleavage specificity, 2010.","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20347848/","year":null,"locator":"Retained model reference; not newly reviewed for this species","access":"legacy"},{"title":"EnpA from E. faecalis prophage: structural and substrate analysis, 2021.","url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/13/7136","year":null,"locator":"Retained model reference; not newly reviewed for this species","access":"legacy"},{"title":"E. faecalis PG and dialanine bridge structure.","url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6906607/","year":null,"locator":"Retained model reference; not newly reviewed for this species","access":"legacy"},{"title":"E. faecalis RodA-PbpA / FtsW-PbpB synthases, 2024.","url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11373202/","year":null,"locator":"Retained model reference; not newly reviewed for this species","access":"legacy"}],"suggestedModel":"faecalis","modelRelation":"same_species","catalogSpecies":"E. faecalis","reviewed":false},{"id":"enterococcus-faecium","species":"Enterococcus faecium","aliases":["E. faecium","屎肠球菌"],"chemistry":{"en":"D-Asx-Lys","zh":"D-Asx-Lys","es":"D-Asx-Lys"},"evidenceType":"legacy","digestEvidence":{"en":"Open the retained digestion view for source-level records where available. No new species-specific single-enzyme product list is asserted here.","zh":"已有消化页面保留可用的逐篇证据；此条目不新增该物种的单酶产物清单。","es":"La vista de digestión conserva los registros disponibles. Aquí no se afirma una nueva lista de productos de una sola enzima."},"limitations":{"en":"Retained coverage has not been revalidated in this update. A related model does not establish this species’ enzymes, modifications or product abundances.","zh":"本次尚未重新核验旧覆盖条目；相近模型不能证明该菌的酶、修饰或产物丰度。","es":"La cobertura previa no se ha revalidado aquí. Un modelo relacionado no demuestra enzimas, modificaciones ni abundancias de esta especie."},"sources":[{"title":"E. faecium SagA produces defined muropeptides, 2019.","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30969170/","year":null,"locator":"Retained model reference; not newly reviewed for this species","access":"legacy"},{"title":"E. faecium Aslfm D-Asp ligase, 2005.","url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0021925819466611","year":null,"locator":"Retained model reference; not newly reviewed for this species","access":"legacy"},{"title":"E. faecium Ldtfm acyl-acceptor specificity and 3-3 bridges.","url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4691707/","year":null,"locator":"Retained model reference; not newly reviewed for this species","access":"legacy"},{"title":"Enterococcal PBP4/PBP5 structural study, 2018.","url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6290140/","year":null,"locator":"Retained model reference; not newly reviewed for this species","access":"legacy"}],"suggestedModel":"faecium","modelRelation":"same_species","catalogSpecies":"E. faecium","reviewed":false},{"id":"escherichia-coli","species":"Escherichia coli","aliases":["E. coli","大肠杆菌","大肠埃希菌"],"chemistry":{"en":"mDAP, 4→3 / 3→3","zh":"mDAP，4→3/3→3","es":"mDAP, 4→3 / 3→3"},"evidenceType":"legacy","digestEvidence":{"en":"Open the retained digestion view for source-level records where available. No new species-specific single-enzyme product list is asserted here.","zh":"已有消化页面保留可用的逐篇证据；此条目不新增该物种的单酶产物清单。","es":"La vista de digestión conserva los registros disponibles. Aquí no se afirma una nueva lista de productos de una sola enzima."},"limitations":{"en":"Retained coverage has not been revalidated in this update. A related model does not establish this species’ enzymes, modifications or product abundances.","zh":"本次尚未重新核验旧覆盖条目；相近模型不能证明该菌的酶、修饰或产物丰度。","es":"La cobertura previa no se ha revalidado aquí. Un modelo relacionado no demuestra enzimas, modificaciones ni abundancias de esta especie."},"sources":[{"title":"E. coli MepS/MepM/MepH cleavage, 2012.","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23062283/","year":null,"locator":"Retained model reference; not newly reviewed for this species","access":"legacy"},{"title":"E. coli endopeptidases and alternative crosslinks, 2021.","url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8488565/","year":null,"locator":"Retained model reference; not newly reviewed for this species","access":"legacy"},{"title":"RodA/SEDS PG polymerase discovery, 2016.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/nature19331","year":null,"locator":"Retained model reference; not newly reviewed for this species","access":"legacy"},{"title":"FtsW-bPBP PG polymerase activity, 2019.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41564-018-0345-x","year":null,"locator":"Retained model reference; not newly reviewed for this species","access":"legacy"},{"title":"Sassine et al., 2021. B. subtilis and E. coli MltG cleave nascent PG as LTs.","url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8135044/","year":null,"locator":"Retained model reference; not newly reviewed for this species","access":"legacy"}],"suggestedModel":"ecoli","modelRelation":"same_species","catalogSpecies":"E. coli","reviewed":false},{"id":"faecalibacterium-prausnitzii","species":"Faecalibacterium prausnitzii","aliases":["F. prausnitzii","普拉梭菌","Fusobacterium prausnitzii","Bacteroides prausnitzii","普拉梭杆菌","普氏栖粪杆菌"],"chemistry":{"en":"Species-specific stem, bridge and crosslink chemistry remain unverified in this evidence pass.","zh":"本轮尚未核实该物种特异的肽干、肽桥及交联化学。","es":"Esta revisión no verificó la química específica del tallo, puente y entrecruzamiento de la especie."},"evidenceType":"gap","digestEvidence":{"en":"No directly assigned mutanolysin or lysostaphin product series was verified. Genomic CAZyme annotations are not muropeptide structures.","zh":"尚未核实具有直接结构归属的 mutanolysin 或 lysostaphin 产物系列；基因组 CAZyme 注释不是胞壁肽结构证据。","es":"No se verificó una serie de productos de mutanolisina o lisostafina con estructuras asignadas. Las anotaciones genómicas de CAZimas no son estructuras de muropéptidos."},"limitations":{"en":"This is a documented curation gap, not proof that no literature exists. Do not infer a chemotype from Gram staining, taxonomy, or a pathway annotation; check historical strain names separately.","zh":"这是已记录的整理缺口，不表示文献不存在。不能从革兰染色、分类或通路注释推定化学型；历史菌株名称须另行核对。","es":"Es una laguna de curación, no prueba de ausencia de literatura. No inferir el quimiotipo por tinción, taxonomía o anotación; revisar por separado los nombres históricos de cepas."},"sources":[{"title":"Genomic and functional diversity of the human-derived isolates of Faecalibacterium","url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/microbiology/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2024.1379500/full","year":2024,"doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2024.1379500","locator":"Indexed Results excerpt: carbohydrate-active enzyme annotations; does not establish native PG bond structures.","access":"indexed_excerpt"}],"suggestedModel":null,"modelRelation":null,"catalogSpecies":null,"reviewed":false},{"id":"fusobacterium-nucleatum","species":"Fusobacterium nucleatum","aliases":["F. nucleatum","具核梭杆菌"],"chemistry":{"en":"Lanthionine type","zh":"lanthionine型","es":"Tipo lantionina"},"evidenceType":"legacy","digestEvidence":{"en":"Open the retained digestion view for source-level records where available. No new species-specific single-enzyme product list is asserted here.","zh":"已有消化页面保留可用的逐篇证据；此条目不新增该物种的单酶产物清单。","es":"La vista de digestión conserva los registros disponibles. Aquí no se afirma una nueva lista de productos de una sola enzima."},"limitations":{"en":"Retained coverage has not been revalidated in this update. A related model does not establish this species’ enzymes, modifications or product abundances.","zh":"本次尚未重新核验旧覆盖条目；相近模型不能证明该菌的酶、修饰或产物丰度。","es":"La cobertura previa no se ha revalidado aquí. Un modelo relacionado no demuestra enzimas, modificaciones ni abundancias de esta especie."},"sources":[{"title":"Bifidobacterium, Akkermansia and Fusobacterium PG profiling, 2024.","url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10829024/","year":null,"locator":"Retained model reference; not newly reviewed for this species","access":"legacy"},{"title":"F. nucleatum lanthionine PG precursor, 1991.","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1987169/","year":null,"locator":"Retained model reference; not newly reviewed for this species","access":"legacy"}],"suggestedModel":"fusobacterium","modelRelation":"same_species","catalogSpecies":null,"reviewed":false},{"id":"haemophilus-influenzae","species":"Haemophilus influenzae","aliases":["H. influenzae","流感嗜血杆菌"],"chemistry":{"en":"Strain 3655 wild type: DAP-containing muropeptides include GM-Tri, GM-Tetra and crosslinked dimers. Table 2 distinguishes substitutions and coeluting assignments.","zh":"3655 野生型含 DAP 胞壁肽，包括 GM-Tri、GM-Tetra 及交联二聚体；表 2 区分取代形式及共洗脱指认。","es":"La cepa 3655 silvestre presenta muropéptidos con DAP, GM-Tri, GM-Tetra y dímeros entrecruzados. La tabla 2 distingue sustituciones y asignaciones que coeluyen."},"evidenceType":"direct_structure","digestEvidence":{"en":"Figure 3/Table 2 report monomers and dimers after lysozyme + mutanolysin, followed by reduction. This is mixed-enzyme evidence, not mutanolysin-only.","zh":"图 3/表 2 报告 lysozyme + mutanolysin 后还原所得单体、二聚体；属于混合酶证据，不能归为 mutanolysin 单酶。","es":"La figura 3/tabla 2 presenta monómeros y dímeros tras lisozima + mutanolisina y reducción. No es evidencia de mutanolisina sola."},"limitations":{"en":"Only the named strain and source assignments are covered. Coeluting species are not separate chromatographic peaks; no quantitative chromatogram is reconstructed.","zh":"仅限指定菌株及来源指认；共洗脱成分不能分画为独立峰，不重建定量色谱图。","es":"Solo se cubren la cepa y asignaciones citadas. Los componentes que coeluyen no son picos independientes; no se reconstruye un cromatograma cuantitativo."},"sources":[{"title":"Jalalvand et al. (2022). Protein domain-dependent vesiculation of Lipoprotein A","url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/cellular-and-infection-microbiology/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2022.984955/full","year":2022,"doi":"10.3389/fcimb.2022.984955","locator":"Figure 3; Table 2; PG-analysis section","access":"full_text"}],"suggestedModel":null,"modelRelation":null,"catalogSpecies":null,"reviewed":true},{"id":"helicobacter-pylori","species":"Helicobacter pylori","aliases":["H. pylori","幽门螺杆菌"],"chemistry":{"en":"Direct mDAP","zh":"直接mDAP","es":"mDAP directo"},"evidenceType":"legacy","digestEvidence":{"en":"Open the retained digestion view for source-level records where available. No new species-specific single-enzyme product list is asserted here.","zh":"已有消化页面保留可用的逐篇证据；此条目不新增该物种的单酶产物清单。","es":"La vista de digestión conserva los registros disponibles. Aquí no se afirma una nueva lista de productos de una sola enzima."},"limitations":{"en":"Retained coverage has not been revalidated in this update. A related model does not establish this species’ enzymes, modifications or product abundances.","zh":"本次尚未重新核验旧覆盖条目；相近模型不能证明该菌的酶、修饰或产物丰度。","es":"La cobertura previa no se ha revalidado aquí. Un modelo relacionado no demuestra enzimas, modificaciones ni abundancias de esta especie."},"sources":[{"title":"H. pylori Csd enzymes and PG modification, 2012.","url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3310797/","year":null,"locator":"Retained model reference; not newly reviewed for this species","access":"legacy"},{"title":"C. jejuni Pgp2/Pgp1 cleavage sequence, 2014.","url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3961634/","year":null,"locator":"Retained model reference; not newly reviewed for this species","access":"legacy"},{"title":"C. jejuni Pgp enzyme characterization, 2023.","url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10151779/","year":null,"locator":"Retained model reference; not newly reviewed for this species","access":"legacy"}],"suggestedModel":"helical","modelRelation":"same_species","catalogSpecies":"H. pylori","reviewed":false},{"id":"klebsiella-pneumoniae","species":"Klebsiella pneumoniae","aliases":["K. pneumoniae","肺炎克雷伯菌"],"chemistry":{"en":"Typical direct mDAP","zh":"典型直接mDAP","es":"mDAP directo típico"},"evidenceType":"legacy","digestEvidence":{"en":"Open the retained digestion view for source-level records where available. No new species-specific single-enzyme product list is asserted here.","zh":"已有消化页面保留可用的逐篇证据；此条目不新增该物种的单酶产物清单。","es":"La vista de digestión conserva los registros disponibles. Aquí no se afirma una nueva lista de productos de una sola enzima."},"limitations":{"en":"Retained coverage has not been revalidated in this update. A related model does not establish this species’ enzymes, modifications or product abundances.","zh":"本次尚未重新核验旧覆盖条目；相近模型不能证明该菌的酶、修饰或产物丰度。","es":"La cobertura previa no se ha revalidado aquí. Un modelo relacionado no demuestra enzimas, modificaciones ni abundancias de esta especie."},"sources":[],"suggestedModel":"ecoli","modelRelation":"related","catalogSpecies":null,"reviewed":false},{"id":"lacticaseibacillus-rhamnosus","species":"Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus","aliases":["L. rhamnosus","鼠李糖乳酪杆菌","Lactobacillus rhamnosus","LGG","鼠李糖乳杆菌"],"chemistry":{"en":"GG PG contains Lys-type, D-Gln-containing stems and D-Asn bridges; the paper provides structurally assigned monomers and oligomers.","zh":"GG 菌株 PG 含 D-Gln 的 Lys 型肽干及 D-Asn 桥；论文提供了单体和寡聚体结构指认。","es":"El PG de GG contiene tallos tipo Lys con D-Gln y puentes D-Asn; el artículo asigna monómeros y oligómeros."},"evidenceType":"direct_structure","digestEvidence":{"en":"Mutanolysin alone is compared with mutanolysin plus Msp1. Msp1 cleaves D-Gln–Lys within stems; Figure 5/Table S2 distinguish products.","zh":"比较 mutanolysin 单酶与另加 Msp1 的结果；Msp1 切肽干 D-Gln–Lys，图 5/表 S2 区分产物。","es":"Se compara mutanolysin sola con mutanolysin más Msp1. Msp1 corta D-Gln–Lys del tallo; figura 5/tabla S2 distinguen los productos."},"limitations":{"en":"GG-specific data; combined-enzyme peptide fragments must never be labeled products of mutanolysin alone.","zh":"数据限定于 GG；双酶产生的肽片段不得标为 mutanolysin 单酶产物。","es":"Datos específicos de GG; los fragmentos peptídicos de la combinación no deben atribuirse a mutanolysin sola."},"sources":[{"title":"Genetic and Biochemical Characterization of the Cell Wall Hydrolase Activity of the Major Secreted Protein of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG","url":"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0031588","year":2012,"doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0031588","locator":"Hydrolytic specificity of Msp1; Figure 5; Table 1; Figure S1; Table S2","access":"full_text"}],"suggestedModel":"lactis","modelRelation":"related","catalogSpecies":"L. rhamnosus","reviewed":true},{"id":"lactiplantibacillus-plantarum","species":"Lactiplantibacillus plantarum","aliases":["L. plantarum","植物乳植杆菌","Lactobacillus plantarum"],"chemistry":{"en":"Direct mDAP","zh":"直接mDAP","es":"mDAP directo"},"evidenceType":"legacy","digestEvidence":{"en":"Open the retained digestion view for source-level records where available. No new species-specific single-enzyme product list is asserted here.","zh":"已有消化页面保留可用的逐篇证据；此条目不新增该物种的单酶产物清单。","es":"La vista de digestión conserva los registros disponibles. Aquí no se afirma una nueva lista de productos de una sola enzima."},"limitations":{"en":"Retained coverage has not been revalidated in this update. A related model does not establish this species’ enzymes, modifications or product abundances.","zh":"本次尚未重新核验旧覆盖条目；相近模型不能证明该菌的酶、修饰或产物丰度。","es":"La cobertura previa no se ha revalidado aquí. Un modelo relacionado no demuestra enzimas, modificaciones ni abundancias de esta especie."},"sources":[{"title":"L. plantarum Acm2/LytA and PG composition, 2012.","url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3533731/","year":null,"locator":"Retained model reference; not newly reviewed for this species","access":"legacy"},{"title":"L. plantarum LytA/LytB, 2019.","url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6473061/","year":null,"locator":"Retained model reference; not newly reviewed for this species","access":"legacy"},{"title":"Bifidobacterium, Akkermansia and Fusobacterium PG profiling, 2024.","url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10829024/","year":null,"locator":"Retained model reference; not newly reviewed for this species","access":"legacy"},{"title":"L. plantarum Acm2 biochemical specificity, 2013.","url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3829315/","year":null,"locator":"Retained model reference; not newly reviewed for this species","access":"legacy"}],"suggestedModel":"plantarum","modelRelation":"same_species","catalogSpecies":"L. plantarum","reviewed":false},{"id":"lactobacillus-acidophilus","species":"Lactobacillus acidophilus","aliases":["L. acidophilus","嗜酸乳杆菌"],"chemistry":{"en":"HAMA reports Lys-type monomers with D-iGln and D-Asn/D-Asp bridge substitutions in the analyzed L. acidophilus PG.","zh":"HAMA 在受测 L. acidophilus PG 中报告了含 D-iGln、带 D-Asn/D-Asp 桥取代的 Lys 型单体。","es":"HAMA informa monómeros tipo Lys con D-iGln y sustituciones de puente D-Asn/D-Asp en el PG analizado."},"evidenceType":"direct_structure","digestEvidence":{"en":"Mutanolysin-based LC-MS/MS assignments are provided in Supplementary Table 5 of the 2023 reviewed preprint, version 2.","zh":"2023 年 reviewed preprint 第 2 版补表 5 提供 mutanolysin 消化后的 LC-MS/MS 指认。","es":"La tabla suplementaria 5 del preprint revisado de 2023, versión 2, ofrece asignaciones LC-MS/MS tras mutanolysin."},"limitations":{"en":"Preserve the reviewed-preprint status. Proposed 3–3 cross-linking is an inference, not direct confirmation of an L,D-transpeptidase.","zh":"保留 reviewed preprint 状态；提出的 3–3 交联是推断，不是 L,D-转肽酶的直接证实。","es":"Conservar el estado de preprint revisado. El entrecruzamiento 3–3 propuesto es una inferencia, no confirmación directa de una L,D-transpeptidasa."},"sources":[{"title":"High-throughput Automated Muropeptide Analysis (HAMA) Reveals Peptidoglycan Composition of Gut Microbial Cell Walls","url":"https://elifesciences.org/reviewed-preprints/88491","year":2023,"doi":"10.7554/eLife.88491.2","locator":"Reviewed Preprint v2, November 13, 2023; Results; Supplementary Table 5; discussion of inferred L,D-transpeptidation","access":"full_text"}],"suggestedModel":null,"modelRelation":null,"catalogSpecies":null,"reviewed":true},{"id":"lactococcus-lactis","species":"Lactococcus lactis","aliases":["L. lactis","乳酸乳球菌"],"chemistry":{"en":"D-Asx-Lys","zh":"D-Asx-Lys","es":"D-Asx-Lys"},"evidenceType":"legacy","digestEvidence":{"en":"Open the retained digestion view for source-level records where available. No new species-specific single-enzyme product list is asserted here.","zh":"已有消化页面保留可用的逐篇证据；此条目不新增该物种的单酶产物清单。","es":"La vista de digestión conserva los registros disponibles. Aquí no se afirma una nueva lista de productos de una sola enzima."},"limitations":{"en":"Retained coverage has not been revalidated in this update. A related model does not establish this species’ enzymes, modifications or product abundances.","zh":"本次尚未重新核验旧覆盖条目；相近模型不能证明该菌的酶、修饰或产物丰度。","es":"La cobertura previa no se ha revalidado aquí. Un modelo relacionado no demuestra enzimas, modificaciones ni abundancias de esta especie."},"sources":[{"title":"L. lactis AsnH and D-Asp bridge amidation, 2009.","url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2681893/","year":null,"locator":"Retained model reference; not newly reviewed for this species","access":"legacy"},{"title":"L. lactis AcmA glucosaminidase, 2005.","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15943817/","year":null,"locator":"Retained model reference; not newly reviewed for this species","access":"legacy"},{"title":"L. lactis AcmB glucosaminidase, 2003.","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12634338/","year":null,"locator":"Retained model reference; not newly reviewed for this species","access":"legacy"}],"suggestedModel":"lactis","modelRelation":"same_species","catalogSpecies":"L. lactis","reviewed":false},{"id":"legionella-pneumophila","species":"Legionella pneumophila","aliases":["L. pneumophila","嗜肺军团菌"],"chemistry":{"en":"Species-specific chemistry has not yet been verified in this atlas.","zh":"本图谱尚未核实该物种的特异化学结构。","es":"La química específica aún no se ha verificado en este atlas."},"evidenceType":"gap","digestEvidence":{"en":"Open the retained digestion view for source-level records where available. No new species-specific single-enzyme product list is asserted here.","zh":"已有消化页面保留可用的逐篇证据；此条目不新增该物种的单酶产物清单。","es":"La vista de digestión conserva los registros disponibles. Aquí no se afirma una nueva lista de productos de una sola enzima."},"limitations":{"en":"Retained coverage has not been revalidated in this update. A related model does not establish this species’ enzymes, modifications or product abundances.","zh":"本次尚未重新核验旧覆盖条目；相近模型不能证明该菌的酶、修饰或产物丰度。","es":"La cobertura previa no se ha revalidado aquí. Un modelo relacionado no demuestra enzimas, modificaciones ni abundancias de esta especie."},"sources":[],"suggestedModel":null,"modelRelation":null,"catalogSpecies":null,"reviewed":false},{"id":"limosilactobacillus-reuteri","species":"Limosilactobacillus reuteri","aliases":["L. reuteri","罗伊氏黏液乳杆菌","Lactobacillus reuteri","罗伊氏乳杆菌"],"chemistry":{"en":"PG-containing preparations are studied, but a verified strain-specific stem/bridge and crosslink assignment is still missing from this entry.","zh":"已有肽聚糖制备物研究，但本条目仍缺经核实的菌株特异肽干、肽桥和交联归属。","es":"Existen estudios de preparaciones con PG, pero esta entrada aún carece de una asignación verificada del tallo, puente y entrecruzamiento por cepa."},"evidenceType":"gap","digestEvidence":{"en":"KCTC 3594 was studied as a mutanolysin digest in 2023. The study tests immune responses, not a resolved monomer/dimer/trimer LC-MS series. A September 2026 CCFM1403 paper also reports PG-associated bioactivity.","zh":"2023 年研究使用 KCTC 3594 的 mutanolysin 酶解物，检测免疫反应，而非解析单体/二聚体/三聚体 LC-MS 系列。2026 年 9 月 CCFM1403 论文也报告 PG 相关活性。","es":"En 2023 se estudió un digerido con mutanolisina de KCTC 3594 mediante respuestas inmunitarias, sin resolver una serie LC-MS de monómeros/dímeros/trímeros. Un artículo de septiembre de 2026 sobre CCFM1403 también informa bioactividad asociada al PG."},"limitations":{"en":"Bioactivity and proposed MDP-like molecules do not identify individual products. The 2026 source was checked at abstract level only; it does not justify drawing an exact chemical structure here.","zh":"活性或推测存在 MDP 样分子不能鉴定具体产物。2026 年来源本轮仅查阅摘要，不能据此绘制确定化学结构。","es":"La bioactividad y las moléculas propuestas como similares a MDP no identifican productos concretos. La fuente de 2026 solo se verificó en su resumen y no justifica una estructura química exacta."},"sources":[{"title":"Mutanolysin-Digested Peptidoglycan of Lactobacillus reuteri Promotes the Inhibition of Porphyromonas gingivalis Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammatory Responses through the Regulation of Signaling Cascades via TLR4 Suppression","url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10779245/","year":2023,"doi":"10.3390/ijms25010042","locator":"Results and Discussion; strain identity in section 4.1. Published 19 December 2023; January 2024 issue.","access":"full_text"},{"title":"Limosilactobacillus reuteri CCFM1403 Postbiotic Regulates Skin Barrier Proteins and Reveals Peptidoglycan as Its Key Active Component","url":"https://www.sciopen.com/article/10.26599/FSHW.2026.9251249","year":2026,"doi":"10.26599/FSHW.2026.9251249","locator":"Publisher abstract; available online 16 September 2026, marked Just Accepted; not an independently inspected muropeptide assignment table.","access":"abstract"}],"suggestedModel":null,"modelRelation":null,"catalogSpecies":null,"reviewed":false},{"id":"listeria-monocytogenes","species":"Listeria monocytogenes","aliases":["L. monocytogenes","单核细胞增生李斯特菌"],"chemistry":{"en":"Direct mDAP","zh":"直接mDAP","es":"mDAP directo"},"evidenceType":"legacy","digestEvidence":{"en":"Open the retained digestion view for source-level records where available. No new species-specific single-enzyme product list is asserted here.","zh":"已有消化页面保留可用的逐篇证据；此条目不新增该物种的单酶产物清单。","es":"La vista de digestión conserva los registros disponibles. Aquí no se afirma una nueva lista de productos de una sola enzima."},"limitations":{"en":"Retained coverage has not been revalidated in this update. A related model does not establish this species’ enzymes, modifications or product abundances.","zh":"本次尚未重新核验旧覆盖条目；相近模型不能证明该菌的酶、修饰或产物丰度。","es":"La cobertura previa no se ha revalidado aquí. Un modelo relacionado no demuestra enzimas, modificaciones ni abundancias de esta especie."},"sources":[{"title":"Listeria p60 and NamA, 2003.","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14527997/","year":null,"locator":"Retained model reference; not newly reviewed for this species","access":"legacy"},{"title":"Listeria cell-wall loss study and hydrolase classes, 2024.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-024-52633-7","year":null,"locator":"Retained model reference; not newly reviewed for this species","access":"legacy"}],"suggestedModel":"listeria","modelRelation":"same_species","catalogSpecies":"L. monocytogenes","reviewed":false},{"id":"micrococcus-luteus","species":"Micrococcus luteus","aliases":["M. luteus","藤黄微球菌","Micrococcus lysodeikticus"],"chemistry":{"en":"Chemotaxonomic work distinguishes the type-strain A2 PG from the A4α type in strain Ballarat; one species-wide bridge diagram is inadequate.","zh":"化学分类研究区分了模式菌株的 A2 型 PG 与 Ballarat 菌株的 A4α 型；不能用一张肽桥图代表全物种。","es":"El trabajo quimiotaxonómico distingue el PG A2 de la cepa tipo del A4α de Ballarat; un diagrama único no representa toda la especie."},"evidenceType":"composition_only","digestEvidence":{"en":"The verified source establishes PG-type diversity, not a complete mutanolysin or lysostaphin oligomer assignment table.","zh":"所核验来源支持 PG 类型多样性，并未提供完整的 mutanolysin 或 lysostaphin 寡聚体指认表。","es":"La fuente verificada establece diversidad de tipos de PG, no una tabla completa de oligómeros de mutanolysin o lysostaphin."},"limitations":{"en":"Strain-specific chemistry must be checked before drawing the A2 stem-derived bridge or assigning an Asp-containing alternative.","zh":"绘制 A2 肽干来源桥或指定含 Asp 的替代结构前，必须核实具体菌株化学证据。","es":"Verificar la química de cada cepa antes de dibujar el puente A2 derivado del tallo o asignar una alternativa con Asp."},"sources":[{"title":"Emended descriptions of the genus Micrococcus, Micrococcus luteus (Cohn 1872) and Micrococcus lylae (Kloos et al. 1974)","url":"https://www.microbiologyresearch.org/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/00207713-52-2-629","year":2002,"doi":"10.1099/00207713-52-2-629","locator":"Abstract and indexed article excerpt: DSM 20030T versus Ballarat; PMID 11931177","access":"abstract"}],"suggestedModel":null,"modelRelation":null,"catalogSpecies":null,"reviewed":true},{"id":"moraxella-catarrhalis","species":"Moraxella catarrhalis","aliases":["M. catarrhalis","卡他莫拉菌"],"chemistry":{"en":"Species-specific chemistry has not yet been verified in this atlas.","zh":"本图谱尚未核实该物种的特异化学结构。","es":"La química específica aún no se ha verificado en este atlas."},"evidenceType":"gap","digestEvidence":{"en":"Open the retained digestion view for source-level records where available. No new species-specific single-enzyme product list is asserted here.","zh":"已有消化页面保留可用的逐篇证据；此条目不新增该物种的单酶产物清单。","es":"La vista de digestión conserva los registros disponibles. Aquí no se afirma una nueva lista de productos de una sola enzima."},"limitations":{"en":"Retained coverage has not been revalidated in this update. A related model does not establish this species’ enzymes, modifications or product abundances.","zh":"本次尚未重新核验旧覆盖条目；相近模型不能证明该菌的酶、修饰或产物丰度。","es":"La cobertura previa no se ha revalidado aquí. Un modelo relacionado no demuestra enzimas, modificaciones ni abundancias de esta especie."},"sources":[],"suggestedModel":null,"modelRelation":null,"catalogSpecies":null,"reviewed":false},{"id":"mycobacterium-smegmatis","species":"Mycobacterium smegmatis","aliases":["M. smegmatis","耻垢分枝杆菌","Mycolicibacterium smegmatis"],"chemistry":{"en":"mDAP, 3→3 / 4→3","zh":"mDAP，3→3/4→3","es":"mDAP, 3→3 / 4→3"},"evidenceType":"legacy","digestEvidence":{"en":"Open the retained digestion view for source-level records where available. No new species-specific single-enzyme product list is asserted here.","zh":"已有消化页面保留可用的逐篇证据；此条目不新增该物种的单酶产物清单。","es":"La vista de digestión conserva los registros disponibles. Aquí no se afirma una nueva lista de productos de una sola enzima."},"limitations":{"en":"Retained coverage has not been revalidated in this update. A related model does not establish this species’ enzymes, modifications or product abundances.","zh":"本次尚未重新核验旧覆盖条目；相近模型不能证明该菌的酶、修饰或产物丰度。","es":"La cobertura previa no se ha revalidado aquí. Un modelo relacionado no demuestra enzimas, modificaciones ni abundancias de esta especie."},"sources":[],"suggestedModel":"mycobacterium","modelRelation":"related","catalogSpecies":null,"reviewed":false},{"id":"mycobacterium-tuberculosis","species":"Mycobacterium tuberculosis","aliases":["M. tuberculosis","结核分枝杆菌"],"chemistry":{"en":"mDAP, 3→3 / 4→3","zh":"mDAP，3→3/4→3","es":"mDAP, 3→3 / 4→3"},"evidenceType":"legacy","digestEvidence":{"en":"Open the retained digestion view for source-level records where available. No new species-specific single-enzyme product list is asserted here.","zh":"已有消化页面保留可用的逐篇证据；此条目不新增该物种的单酶产物清单。","es":"La vista de digestión conserva los registros disponibles. Aquí no se afirma una nueva lista de productos de una sola enzima."},"limitations":{"en":"Retained coverage has not been revalidated in this update. A related model does not establish this species’ enzymes, modifications or product abundances.","zh":"本次尚未重新核验旧覆盖条目；相近模型不能证明该菌的酶、修饰或产物丰度。","es":"La cobertura previa no se ha revalidado aquí. Un modelo relacionado no demuestra enzimas, modificaciones ni abundancias de esta especie."},"sources":[{"title":"M. tuberculosis 3-3 crosslinks, 2008.","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18408028/","year":null,"locator":"Retained model reference; not newly reviewed for this species","access":"legacy"},{"title":"M. tuberculosis mature PG and amidation, 2012.","url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3468717/","year":null,"locator":"Retained model reference; not newly reviewed for this species","access":"legacy"},{"title":"M. tuberculosis RipA/RipB/Ami1; CwlM is a regulator, 2020.","url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7064781/","year":null,"locator":"Retained model reference; not newly reviewed for this species","access":"legacy"}],"suggestedModel":"mycobacterium","modelRelation":"same_species","catalogSpecies":"M. tuberculosis","reviewed":false},{"id":"mycoplasma-pneumoniae","species":"Mycoplasma pneumoniae","aliases":["M. pneumoniae","肺炎支原体"],"chemistry":{"en":"No classical PG","zh":"没有经典PG","es":"Sin PG clásico"},"evidenceType":"legacy","digestEvidence":{"en":"Open the retained digestion view for source-level records where available. No new species-specific single-enzyme product list is asserted here.","zh":"已有消化页面保留可用的逐篇证据；此条目不新增该物种的单酶产物清单。","es":"La vista de digestión conserva los registros disponibles. Aquí no se afirma una nueva lista de productos de una sola enzima."},"limitations":{"en":"Retained coverage has not been revalidated in this update. A related model does not establish this species’ enzymes, modifications or product abundances.","zh":"本次尚未重新核验旧覆盖条目；相近模型不能证明该菌的酶、修饰或产物丰度。","es":"La cobertura previa no se ha revalidado aquí. Un modelo relacionado no demuestra enzimas, modificaciones ni abundancias de esta especie."},"sources":[],"suggestedModel":null,"modelRelation":null,"catalogSpecies":null,"reviewed":false},{"id":"neisseria-gonorrhoeae","species":"Neisseria gonorrhoeae","aliases":["N. gonorrhoeae","淋病奈瑟菌"],"chemistry":{"en":"Direct mDAP","zh":"直接mDAP","es":"mDAP directo"},"evidenceType":"legacy","digestEvidence":{"en":"Open the retained digestion view for source-level records where available. No new species-specific single-enzyme product list is asserted here.","zh":"已有消化页面保留可用的逐篇证据；此条目不新增该物种的单酶产物清单。","es":"La vista de digestión conserva los registros disponibles. Aquí no se afirma una nueva lista de productos de una sola enzima."},"limitations":{"en":"Retained coverage has not been revalidated in this update. A related model does not establish this species’ enzymes, modifications or product abundances.","zh":"本次尚未重新核验旧覆盖条目；相近模型不能证明该菌的酶、修饰或产物丰度。","es":"La cobertura previa no se ha revalidado aquí. Un modelo relacionado no demuestra enzimas, modificaciones ni abundancias de esta especie."},"sources":[],"suggestedModel":"neisseria","modelRelation":"related","catalogSpecies":"N. gonorrhoeae","reviewed":false},{"id":"neisseria-meningitidis","species":"Neisseria meningitidis","aliases":["N. meningitidis","脑膜炎奈瑟菌"],"chemistry":{"en":"Direct mDAP","zh":"直接mDAP","es":"mDAP directo"},"evidenceType":"legacy","digestEvidence":{"en":"Open the retained digestion view for source-level records where available. No new species-specific single-enzyme product list is asserted here.","zh":"已有消化页面保留可用的逐篇证据；此条目不新增该物种的单酶产物清单。","es":"La vista de digestión conserva los registros disponibles. Aquí no se afirma una nueva lista de productos de una sola enzima."},"limitations":{"en":"Retained coverage has not been revalidated in this update. A related model does not establish this species’ enzymes, modifications or product abundances.","zh":"本次尚未重新核验旧覆盖条目；相近模型不能证明该菌的酶、修饰或产物丰度。","es":"La cobertura previa no se ha revalidado aquí. Un modelo relacionado no demuestra enzimas, modificaciones ni abundancias de esta especie."},"sources":[],"suggestedModel":"neisseria","modelRelation":"related","catalogSpecies":null,"reviewed":false},{"id":"proteus-mirabilis","species":"Proteus mirabilis","aliases":["P. mirabilis","奇异变形杆菌"],"chemistry":{"en":"Typical direct mDAP","zh":"典型直接mDAP","es":"mDAP directo típico"},"evidenceType":"legacy","digestEvidence":{"en":"Open the retained digestion view for source-level records where available. No new species-specific single-enzyme product list is asserted here.","zh":"已有消化页面保留可用的逐篇证据；此条目不新增该物种的单酶产物清单。","es":"La vista de digestión conserva los registros disponibles. Aquí no se afirma una nueva lista de productos de una sola enzima."},"limitations":{"en":"Retained coverage has not been revalidated in this update. A related model does not establish this species’ enzymes, modifications or product abundances.","zh":"本次尚未重新核验旧覆盖条目；相近模型不能证明该菌的酶、修饰或产物丰度。","es":"La cobertura previa no se ha revalidado aquí. Un modelo relacionado no demuestra enzimas, modificaciones ni abundancias de esta especie."},"sources":[],"suggestedModel":"ecoli","modelRelation":"related","catalogSpecies":null,"reviewed":false},{"id":"pseudomonas-aeruginosa","species":"Pseudomonas aeruginosa","aliases":["P. aeruginosa","铜绿假单胞菌"],"chemistry":{"en":"Direct mDAP","zh":"直接mDAP","es":"mDAP directo"},"evidenceType":"legacy","digestEvidence":{"en":"Open the retained digestion view for source-level records where available. No new species-specific single-enzyme product list is asserted here.","zh":"已有消化页面保留可用的逐篇证据；此条目不新增该物种的单酶产物清单。","es":"La vista de digestión conserva los registros disponibles. Aquí no se afirma una nueva lista de productos de una sola enzima."},"limitations":{"en":"Retained coverage has not been revalidated in this update. A related model does not establish this species’ enzymes, modifications or product abundances.","zh":"本次尚未重新核验旧覆盖条目；相近模型不能证明该菌的酶、修饰或产物丰度。","es":"La cobertura previa no se ha revalidado aquí. Un modelo relacionado no demuestra enzimas, modificaciones ni abundancias de esta especie."},"sources":[{"title":"P. aeruginosa MepM and other PG hydrolases, 2018.","url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6050968/","year":null,"locator":"Retained model reference; not newly reviewed for this species","access":"legacy"}],"suggestedModel":"pseudomonas","modelRelation":"same_species","catalogSpecies":"P. aeruginosa","reviewed":false},{"id":"rhizobium-leguminosarum","species":"Rhizobium leguminosarum","aliases":["R. leguminosarum","豌豆根瘤菌"],"chemistry":{"en":"A PGFinder/PGLang study includes this model organism; a species-specific chemical structure has not been transcribed and verified here.","zh":"PGFinder/PGLang 研究包含该模式菌；尚未在此转录并核实物种特异结构。","es":"El estudio PGFinder/PGLang incluye este organismo; aquí no se ha transcrito y verificado una estructura específica."},"evidenceType":"gap","digestEvidence":{"en":"The method paper is linked for investigation; no predicted library is promoted to an observed digestion-product list.","zh":"提供方法论文供追溯；不将预测库升级为实测酶切产物清单。","es":"Se enlaza el artículo metodológico; una biblioteca prevista no se convierte en lista de productos observados."},"limitations":{"en":"Indexed source only in this pass; detailed spectrum and table extraction remain pending.","zh":"本轮仅核对索引来源，详细谱图和表格提取待完成。","es":"En esta revisión solo se comprobó la fuente indexada; faltan espectros y tablas detallados."},"sources":[{"title":"A software tool and strategy for peptidoglycomics, the high-resolution analysis of bacterial peptidoglycans via LC-MS/MS","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s42004-025-01490-6","year":2025,"doi":"10.1038/s42004-025-01490-6","locator":"Indexed abstract","access":"indexed_excerpt"}],"suggestedModel":null,"modelRelation":null,"catalogSpecies":null,"reviewed":false},{"id":"rhodobacter-sphaeroides","species":"Rhodobacter sphaeroides","aliases":["R. sphaeroides","球形红杆菌","Cereibacter sphaeroides"],"chemistry":{"en":"Species-specific chemistry has not yet been verified in this atlas.","zh":"本图谱尚未核实该物种的特异化学结构。","es":"La química específica aún no se ha verificado en este atlas."},"evidenceType":"gap","digestEvidence":{"en":"Open the retained digestion view for source-level records where available. No new species-specific single-enzyme product list is asserted here.","zh":"已有消化页面保留可用的逐篇证据；此条目不新增该物种的单酶产物清单。","es":"La vista de digestión conserva los registros disponibles. Aquí no se afirma una nueva lista de productos de una sola enzima."},"limitations":{"en":"Retained coverage has not been revalidated in this update. A related model does not establish this species’ enzymes, modifications or product abundances.","zh":"本次尚未重新核验旧覆盖条目；相近模型不能证明该菌的酶、修饰或产物丰度。","es":"La cobertura previa no se ha revalidado aquí. Un modelo relacionado no demuestra enzimas, modificaciones ni abundancias de esta especie."},"sources":[],"suggestedModel":null,"modelRelation":null,"catalogSpecies":null,"reviewed":false},{"id":"salmonella-enterica","species":"Salmonella enterica","aliases":["S. enterica","肠沙门菌","Salmonella Typhimurium","沙门氏菌"],"chemistry":{"en":"The 2025 study distinguishes LppA/LppB attachment to PG in serovar Typhimurium. Protein anchoring is additional chemistry beyond a generic stem-crosslink diagram.","zh":"2025 年研究区分 Typhimurium 血清型 LppA/LppB 与 PG 的连接；蛋白锚定是通用肽干交联图之外的化学结构。","es":"El estudio de 2025 distingue el anclaje de LppA/LppB al PG de Typhimurium, una química adicional al entrecruzamiento de tallos."},"evidenceType":"composition_only","digestEvidence":{"en":"No full single-enzyme monomer-to-trimer table was extracted in this update.","zh":"本次未提取完整的单酶单体至三聚体表。","es":"No se extrajo una tabla completa de monómeros a trímeros de una sola enzima."},"limitations":{"en":"Indexed abstract checked; detailed assignments need full-text/supplement verification. No E. coli product profile is transferred.","zh":"已核对索引摘要；详细指认仍需全文/补充表复核，不移植大肠杆菌产物谱。","es":"Se comprobó el resumen indexado; las asignaciones detalladas requieren texto completo/suplementos. No se transfiere el perfil de E. coli."},"sources":[{"title":"Salmonella encodes murein lipoproteins differing in the anchoring to peptidoglycan and intermolecular association","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41362371/","year":2025,"doi":"10.1016/j.tcsw.2025.100161","locator":"Indexed publisher/PubMed abstract","access":"indexed_excerpt"}],"suggestedModel":null,"modelRelation":null,"catalogSpecies":null,"reviewed":true},{"id":"serratia-marcescens","species":"Serratia marcescens","aliases":["S. marcescens","粘质沙雷菌"],"chemistry":{"en":"Typical direct mDAP","zh":"典型直接mDAP","es":"mDAP directo típico"},"evidenceType":"legacy","digestEvidence":{"en":"Open the retained digestion view for source-level records where available. No new species-specific single-enzyme product list is asserted here.","zh":"已有消化页面保留可用的逐篇证据；此条目不新增该物种的单酶产物清单。","es":"La vista de digestión conserva los registros disponibles. Aquí no se afirma una nueva lista de productos de una sola enzima."},"limitations":{"en":"Retained coverage has not been revalidated in this update. A related model does not establish this species’ enzymes, modifications or product abundances.","zh":"本次尚未重新核验旧覆盖条目；相近模型不能证明该菌的酶、修饰或产物丰度。","es":"La cobertura previa no se ha revalidado aquí. Un modelo relacionado no demuestra enzimas, modificaciones ni abundancias de esta especie."},"sources":[],"suggestedModel":"ecoli","modelRelation":"related","catalogSpecies":null,"reviewed":false},{"id":"shigella-flexneri","species":"Shigella flexneri","aliases":["S. flexneri","福氏志贺菌"],"chemistry":{"en":"Typical direct mDAP","zh":"典型直接mDAP","es":"mDAP directo típico"},"evidenceType":"legacy","digestEvidence":{"en":"Open the retained digestion view for source-level records where available. No new species-specific single-enzyme product list is asserted here.","zh":"已有消化页面保留可用的逐篇证据；此条目不新增该物种的单酶产物清单。","es":"La vista de digestión conserva los registros disponibles. Aquí no se afirma una nueva lista de productos de una sola enzima."},"limitations":{"en":"Retained coverage has not been revalidated in this update. A related model does not establish this species’ enzymes, modifications or product abundances.","zh":"本次尚未重新核验旧覆盖条目；相近模型不能证明该菌的酶、修饰或产物丰度。","es":"La cobertura previa no se ha revalidado aquí. Un modelo relacionado no demuestra enzimas, modificaciones ni abundancias de esta especie."},"sources":[],"suggestedModel":"ecoli","modelRelation":"related","catalogSpecies":null,"reviewed":false},{"id":"staphylococcus-aureus","species":"Staphylococcus aureus","aliases":["S. aureus","金黄色葡萄球菌"],"chemistry":{"en":"Gly5-Lys","zh":"Gly5-Lys","es":"Gly5-Lys"},"evidenceType":"legacy","digestEvidence":{"en":"Open the retained digestion view for source-level records where available. No new species-specific single-enzyme product list is asserted here.","zh":"已有消化页面保留可用的逐篇证据；此条目不新增该物种的单酶产物清单。","es":"La vista de digestión conserva los registros disponibles. Aquí no se afirma una nueva lista de productos de una sola enzima."},"limitations":{"en":"Retained coverage has not been revalidated in this update. A related model does not establish this species’ enzymes, modifications or product abundances.","zh":"本次尚未重新核验旧覆盖条目；相近模型不能证明该菌的酶、修饰或产物丰度。","es":"La cobertura previa no se ha revalidado aquí. Un modelo relacionado no demuestra enzimas, modificaciones ni abundancias de esta especie."},"sources":[{"title":"Schneider et al., 2004. Reconstitution of the S. aureus pentaglycine bridge.","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15228543/","year":null,"locator":"Retained model reference; not newly reviewed for this species","access":"legacy"},{"title":"S. aureus Atl/Sle1/LytM activities and wall metabolism, 2007.","url":"https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/jb.01048-07","year":null,"locator":"Retained model reference; not newly reviewed for this species","access":"legacy"},{"title":"S. aureus SagB and glycan-chain length, 2016.","url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4800868/","year":null,"locator":"Retained model reference; not newly reviewed for this species","access":"legacy"},{"title":"LytN amidase and endopeptidase activities, 2011.","url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3173183/","year":null,"locator":"Retained model reference; not newly reviewed for this species","access":"legacy"},{"title":"EssH amidase and bridge-cleaving activities, 2018.","url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6153663/","year":null,"locator":"Retained model reference; not newly reviewed for this species","access":"legacy"},{"title":"LytU pentaglycine-cleaving activity, 2017.","url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5519744/","year":null,"locator":"Retained model reference; not newly reviewed for this species","access":"legacy"},{"title":"Reassessment of lysostaphin and LytM substrate specificity, 2024.","url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11534333/","year":null,"locator":"Retained model reference; not newly reviewed for this species","access":"legacy"},{"title":"LytH-ActH removes stems from uncrosslinked PG, 2020.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41564-019-0632-1","year":null,"locator":"Retained model reference; not newly reviewed for this species","access":"legacy"},{"title":"IsaA and SceD: muralytic activity; putative LT assignment, 2007.","url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2168438/","year":null,"locator":"Retained model reference; not newly reviewed for this species","access":"legacy"}],"suggestedModel":"staph","modelRelation":"same_species","catalogSpecies":"S. aureus","reviewed":false},{"id":"staphylococcus-epidermidis","species":"Staphylococcus epidermidis","aliases":["S. epidermidis","表皮葡萄球菌"],"chemistry":{"en":"ST10002 and AZ39 contain Lys-type muropeptides with Gly-rich bridges, Ser/Ala substitutions, shorter bridges and MurNAc O-acetylation; the study also assigns Ala1-substituted monomers.","zh":"ST10002 和 AZ39 含 Lys 型胞壁肽，桥中可有 Gly、Ser/Ala 替代、短桥及 MurNAc O-乙酰化；该研究还指认了 Ala1 取代单体。","es":"ST10002 y AZ39 presentan muropéptidos de tipo Lys con puentes ricos en Gly, sustituciones Ser/Ala, puentes cortos y O-acetilación de MurNAc; también se asignaron monómeros con Ala1."},"evidenceType":"direct_structure","digestEvidence":{"en":"Cellosyl, followed by HPLC/MALDI-TOF: Table 1 and Figure 5. These are not mutanolysin measurements.","zh":"Cellosyl 消化后用 HPLC/MALDI-TOF 分析，见表 1、图 5；并非 mutanolysin 实测数据。","es":"Digestión con Cellosyl y análisis HPLC/MALDI-TOF: tabla 1 y figura 5. No son mediciones con mutanolysin."},"limitations":{"en":"Analysis emphasizes early-eluting monomers; neither a universal Gly5 structure nor a complete oligomer distribution is established.","zh":"分析主要针对早出峰单体；不能据此定义全物种 Gly5 结构或完整寡聚体分布。","es":"El análisis se concentra en monómeros de elución temprana; no establece una estructura Gly5 universal ni una distribución completa de oligómeros."},"sources":[{"title":"The peptidoglycan and biofilm matrix of Staphylococcus epidermidis undergo structural changes when exposed to human platelets","url":"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0211132","year":2019,"doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0211132","locator":"Results: PG structural changes; Table 1; Figure 5; strains ST10002 and AZ39","access":"full_text"}],"suggestedModel":null,"modelRelation":null,"catalogSpecies":"S. epidermidis","reviewed":true},{"id":"stenotrophomonas-maltophilia","species":"Stenotrophomonas maltophilia","aliases":["S. maltophilia","嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌"],"chemistry":{"en":"Species-specific chemistry has not yet been verified in this atlas.","zh":"本图谱尚未核实该物种的特异化学结构。","es":"La química específica aún no se ha verificado en este atlas."},"evidenceType":"gap","digestEvidence":{"en":"Open the retained digestion view for source-level records where available. No new species-specific single-enzyme product list is asserted here.","zh":"已有消化页面保留可用的逐篇证据；此条目不新增该物种的单酶产物清单。","es":"La vista de digestión conserva los registros disponibles. Aquí no se afirma una nueva lista de productos de una sola enzima."},"limitations":{"en":"Retained coverage has not been revalidated in this update. A related model does not establish this species’ enzymes, modifications or product abundances.","zh":"本次尚未重新核验旧覆盖条目；相近模型不能证明该菌的酶、修饰或产物丰度。","es":"La cobertura previa no se ha revalidado aquí. Un modelo relacionado no demuestra enzimas, modificaciones ni abundancias de esta especie."},"sources":[],"suggestedModel":null,"modelRelation":null,"catalogSpecies":null,"reviewed":false},{"id":"streptococcus-agalactiae","species":"Streptococcus agalactiae","aliases":["S. agalactiae","无乳链球菌","GBS","group B streptococcus","B 群链球菌"],"chemistry":{"en":"NEM316 analysis uses a Lys-type stem with D-iGln and Ala–Ala or Ala–Ser bridges connecting Lys3 to neighbouring D-Ala4.","zh":"NEM316 分析采用含 D-iGln 的 Lys 型肽干；Ala–Ala 或 Ala–Ser 桥连接 Lys3 与相邻 D-Ala4。","es":"El análisis de NEM316 utiliza un tallo tipo Lys con D-iGln y puentes Ala–Ala o Ala–Ser entre Lys3 y D-Ala4 vecino."},"evidenceType":"direct_structure","digestEvidence":{"en":"Mutanolysin-derived muropeptides were separated by HPLC and assigned to monomer, dimer and trimer classes by MALDI-TOF.","zh":"mutanolysin 消化胞壁肽经 HPLC 分离，再用 MALDI-TOF 归入单体、二聚体和三聚体类别。","es":"Los muropéptidos obtenidos con mutanolysin se separaron por HPLC y clasificaron como monómeros, dímeros y trímeros por MALDI-TOF."},"limitations":{"en":"Expected chemistry guided mass assignments; bridge sequence and every individual isomer were not independently resolved.","zh":"质量指认依赖预期化学组成，并未独立解析每一种肽桥序列与异构体。","es":"Las asignaciones de masa utilizaron la química esperada; no se resolvió independientemente cada secuencia del puente ni cada isómero."},"sources":[{"title":"Role of the Group B Antigen of Streptococcus agalactiae: A Peptidoglycan-Anchored Polysaccharide Involved in Cell Wall Biogenesis","url":"https://journals.plos.org/plospathogens/article?id=10.1371/journal.ppat.1002756","year":2012,"doi":"10.1371/journal.ppat.1002756","locator":"Figure 7; PG analysis; Text S1; NEM316; PMID 22719253","access":"full_text"}],"suggestedModel":null,"modelRelation":null,"catalogSpecies":"S. agalactiae","reviewed":true},{"id":"streptococcus-mutans","species":"Streptococcus mutans","aliases":["S. mutans","变形链球菌","变异链球菌"],"chemistry":{"en":"A primary study measures PG amino-acid composition in NG8 and NG5; this verification does not establish all bridge bonds.","zh":"一手研究检测了 NG8 和 NG5 的 PG 氨基酸组成；本次核验尚不足以确定全部肽桥键。","es":"Un estudio primario mide la composición aminoacídica del PG de NG8 y NG5; esta verificación no establece todos los enlaces del puente."},"evidenceType":"composition_only","digestEvidence":{"en":"No complete species-specific mutanolysin or lysostaphin monomer–oligomer assignment table was verified in this update.","zh":"本次尚未核验到该物种完整的 mutanolysin 或 lysostaphin 单体—寡聚体指认表。","es":"En esta actualización no se verificó una tabla completa de monómeros y oligómeros específicos producidos por mutanolysin o lysostaphin."},"limitations":{"en":"Do not copy another streptococcus's Ala2 model. Historical 'S. mutans' strains may belong to subsequently separated species.","zh":"不直接套用其他链球菌的 Ala2 模型；历史上称为 S. mutans 的菌株可能属于后来拆分的其他物种。","es":"No copiar el modelo Ala2 de otro estreptococo. Cepas históricas denominadas S. mutans pueden corresponder a especies separadas posteriormente."},"sources":[{"title":"Identification of a Point Mutation Resulting in Loss of Cell Wall Anchoring Activity of SrtA of Streptococcus mutans NG5","url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC427452/","year":2004,"doi":"10.1128/IAI.72.7.4314-4317.2004","locator":"Amino acid composition of peptidoglycan samples; strains NG8 and NG5; PMID 15213182","access":"full_text"}],"suggestedModel":null,"modelRelation":null,"catalogSpecies":"S. mutans","reviewed":true},{"id":"streptococcus-oralis","species":"Streptococcus oralis","aliases":["S. oralis","口腔链球菌"],"chemistry":{"en":"Direct Lys cross-linking was reported for strains classified as S. oralis in 1985; Uo5 instead has one-L-Ala interpeptide bridges.","zh":"1985 年研究将部分直接 Lys 交联菌株归为 S. oralis；但 Uo5 菌株具有单个 L-Ala 肽桥。","es":"En 1985 se describieron cepas de S. oralis con entrecruzamiento directo de Lys; Uo5 presenta puentes de un solo L-Ala."},"evidenceType":"direct_structure","digestEvidence":{"en":"Primary studies support strain-dependent bridge chemistry; a common mutanolysin/lysostaphin peak table was not verified.","zh":"一手研究支持菌株间肽桥差异；未核验到可通用于各株的 mutanolysin/lysostaphin 峰表。","es":"Los estudios primarios respaldan diferencias entre cepas; no se verificó una tabla de picos común para mutanolysin/lysostaphin."},"limitations":{"en":"A universal direct-Lys model is incorrect. Retain the strain and original classification when depicting any structure.","zh":"全物种统一使用 direct-Lys 模型不正确；绘图必须保留菌株及原始分类范围。","es":"Un modelo universal de Lys directo es incorrecto. Cada representación debe conservar la cepa y la clasificación original."},"sources":[{"title":"Molecular Relationships and Classification of Some Viridans Streptococci as Streptococcus oralis and Emended Description of Streptococcus oralis (Bridge and Sneath 1982)","url":"https://www.microbiologyresearch.org/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/00207713-35-4-482","year":1985,"doi":"10.1099/00207713-35-4-482","locator":"Abstract: chemical cell-wall analysis and direct Lys cross-links","access":"abstract"},{"title":"Transfer of penicillin resistance from Streptococcus oralis to Streptococcus pneumoniae identifies murE as resistance determinant","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26010014/","year":2015,"doi":"10.1111/mmi.13070","locator":"Abstract: native S. oralis Uo5 PG bridge composition only; PMID 26010014","access":"abstract"}],"suggestedModel":null,"modelRelation":null,"catalogSpecies":null,"reviewed":true},{"id":"streptococcus-pneumoniae","species":"Streptococcus pneumoniae","aliases":["S. pneumoniae","肺炎链球菌"],"chemistry":{"en":"Direct Lys or dipeptide bridge","zh":"直接Lys或二肽桥","es":"Lys directo o puente dipeptídico"},"evidenceType":"legacy","digestEvidence":{"en":"Open the retained digestion view for source-level records where available. No new species-specific single-enzyme product list is asserted here.","zh":"已有消化页面保留可用的逐篇证据；此条目不新增该物种的单酶产物清单。","es":"La vista de digestión conserva los registros disponibles. Aquí no se afirma una nueva lista de productos de una sola enzima."},"limitations":{"en":"Retained coverage has not been revalidated in this update. A related model does not establish this species’ enzymes, modifications or product abundances.","zh":"本次尚未重新核验旧覆盖条目；相近模型不能证明该菌的酶、修饰或产物丰度。","es":"La cobertura previa no se ha revalidado aquí. Un modelo relacionado no demuestra enzimas, modificaciones ni abundancias de esta especie."},"sources":[{"title":"Pneumococcal MurM/MurN substrate specificity, 2008.","url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3259876/","year":null,"locator":"Retained model reference; not newly reviewed for this species","access":"legacy"},{"title":"Pneumococcal LytB glucosaminidase specificity, 2015.","url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4633669/","year":null,"locator":"Retained model reference; not newly reviewed for this species","access":"legacy"},{"title":"Pneumococcal LytA amidase structural study.","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8636107/","year":null,"locator":"Retained model reference; not newly reviewed for this species","access":"legacy"},{"title":"Pneumococcal PcsB: muralytic activity, exact bond unresolved, 2014.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms4842","year":null,"locator":"Retained model reference; not newly reviewed for this species","access":"legacy"},{"title":"Pneumococcal LytB and LytC activities, 2002.","url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC135310/","year":null,"locator":"Retained model reference; not newly reviewed for this species","access":"legacy"}],"suggestedModel":"pneumo","modelRelation":"same_species","catalogSpecies":"S. pneumoniae","reviewed":false},{"id":"streptococcus-pyogenes","species":"Streptococcus pyogenes","aliases":["S. pyogenes","化脓性链球菌","GAS","group A streptococcus","A 群链球菌"],"chemistry":{"en":"PlyPy product analysis identifies a D-Ala–L-Ala bond in the streptococcal peptide cross-link region.","zh":"PlyPy 产物分析确定了链球菌肽交联区的 D-Ala–L-Ala 键。","es":"El análisis de productos de PlyPy identifica un enlace D-Ala–L-Ala en la región de entrecruzamiento peptídico."},"evidenceType":"enzyme_only","digestEvidence":{"en":"PlyPy is assigned D-alanyl-L-alanine endopeptidase activity. This does not assign peptide cleavage to mutanolysin.","zh":"PlyPy 被确定为 D-Ala–L-Ala 内肽酶；这并不意味着 mutanolysin 能切该肽键。","es":"PlyPy presenta actividad endopeptidasa D-alanil-L-alanina. Esto no atribuye corte peptídico a mutanolysin."},"limitations":{"en":"The verified enzyme result is not a complete species-wide bridge inventory or a mutanolysin monomer–oligomer peak atlas.","zh":"所核验的酶学结论不等于全物种肽桥清单，也不是完整的 mutanolysin 单体—寡聚体峰图谱。","es":"El resultado enzimático no constituye un inventario completo de puentes ni un atlas de picos de monómeros y oligómeros con mutanolysin."},"sources":[{"title":"A Highly Active and Negatively Charged Streptococcus pyogenes Lysin with a Rare D-Alanyl-L-Alanine Endopeptidase Activity Protects Mice against Streptococcal Bacteremia","url":"https://journals.asm.org/doi/full/10.1128/aac.00115-14","year":2014,"doi":"10.1128/AAC.00115-14","locator":"Abstract and enzymatic bond-assignment results; PMID 24637688","access":"full_text"}],"suggestedModel":null,"modelRelation":null,"catalogSpecies":"S. pyogenes","reviewed":true},{"id":"streptococcus-salivarius","species":"Streptococcus salivarius","aliases":["S. salivarius","唾液链球菌"],"chemistry":{"en":"The checked primary evidence concerns bacteriolytic activity, not bond-resolved PG chemistry; no specific bridge is assigned here.","zh":"已核验的一手证据涉及溶菌活性，并非逐键解析的 PG 化学结构；此处不指定肽桥。","es":"La evidencia primaria verificada trata actividad bacteriolítica, no la química del PG resuelta por enlace; aquí no se asigna un puente."},"evidenceType":"enzyme_only","digestEvidence":{"en":"Zymograms showed two activity-profile types among S. salivarius strains; no mutanolysin/lysostaphin product structures were assigned.","zh":"酶谱显示 S. salivarius 菌株间存在两类活性谱；未指认 mutanolysin/lysostaphin 产物结构。","es":"Los zimogramas mostraron dos tipos de perfil entre cepas; no asignaron estructuras producidas por mutanolysin/lysostaphin."},"limitations":{"en":"Lytic bands do not establish cleavage bonds or bridge identity. A species-specific structural/digest evidence gap remains in this update.","zh":"溶菌条带不能确定切割键或肽桥组成；本次仍保留该物种结构及消化产物证据缺口。","es":"Las bandas líticas no determinan enlaces de corte ni puentes. Persiste una laguna de evidencia estructural y de productos."},"sources":[{"title":"Zymographic characterization of bacteriolytic enzymes produced by oral streptococci","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15215620/","year":2004,"doi":"10.1111/j.1348-0421.2004.tb03537.x","locator":"Abstract: five strains per species and S. salivarius profile heterogeneity; PMID 15215620","access":"abstract"}],"suggestedModel":null,"modelRelation":null,"catalogSpecies":null,"reviewed":true},{"id":"streptococcus-sanguinis","species":"Streptococcus sanguinis","aliases":["S. sanguinis","血链球菌","Streptococcus sanguis","S. sanguis"],"chemistry":{"en":"The 1998 S. sanguis study identifies Lys-linked Ala–Ala branches on tri- and pentapeptide monomers, with related cross-linked oligomers.","zh":"1998 年以 S. sanguis 名义发表的研究鉴定出 Lys 上连接 Ala–Ala 支链的三肽、五肽单体及相关交联寡聚体。","es":"El estudio de S. sanguis de 1998 identifica ramas Ala–Ala unidas a Lys en monómeros tri- y pentapeptídicos y oligómeros relacionados."},"evidenceType":"direct_structure","digestEvidence":{"en":"Muramidase digestion/HPLC/MS/sequencing resolved two monomer families and corresponding dimers, trimers and tetramers.","zh":"胞壁质酶消化/HPLC/MS/测序解析了两类单体及相应二聚体、三聚体、四聚体。","es":"La digestión con muramidasa, HPLC, MS y secuenciación resolvió dos familias de monómeros y sus dímeros, trímeros y tetrámeros."},"limitations":{"en":"Abstract-only verification; retain the historical species name. The reported Ala–Ala–Ala oligomer connection includes stem/bridge context, not automatically a three-residue branch.","zh":"本次仅核验摘要，保留历史种名。文中 Ala–Ala–Ala 寡聚体连接包含肽干/桥的上下文，不可直接画成三残基支链。","es":"Verificación del resumen; conservar el nombre histórico. La conexión oligomérica Ala–Ala–Ala incluye el contexto tallo/puente, no implica una rama de tres residuos."},"sources":[{"title":"Structures of biologically active muramyl peptides from peptidoglycan of Streptococcus sanguis","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9875522/","year":1998,"doi":"10.1002/(SICI)1096-9888(199812)33:12<1182::AID-JMS733>3.0.CO;2-Q","locator":"Abstract: monomers 1 and 2; higher oligomers; PMID 9875522","access":"abstract"}],"suggestedModel":null,"modelRelation":null,"catalogSpecies":null,"reviewed":true},{"id":"streptococcus-suis","species":"Streptococcus suis","aliases":["S. suis","猪链球菌"],"chemistry":{"en":"Strain 31533 has mainly D-iGln2/L-Lys3 stems and direct D-Ala4–Lys3 cross-links without an interpeptide bridge.","zh":"31533 菌株肽干主要含 D-iGln2/L-Lys3，以 D-Ala4–Lys3 直接交联，不含肽桥。","es":"La cepa 31533 presenta principalmente D-iGln2/L-Lys3 y enlaces directos D-Ala4–Lys3, sin puente interpeptídico."},"evidenceType":"direct_structure","digestEvidence":{"en":"Cellosyl/HPLC/MS identified Tri, TetraTri and TetraTetraTri as major species, plus minor structures including a tetramer.","zh":"Cellosyl/HPLC/MS 确定主要产物为 Tri、TetraTri、TetraTetraTri，另有包括四聚体的少量产物。","es":"Cellosyl/HPLC/MS identificó Tri, TetraTri y TetraTetraTri como productos principales, además de estructuras minoritarias, incluido un tetrámero."},"limitations":{"en":"These are Cellosyl data. Low-abundance deacetylation could not be assigned unequivocally to GlcNAc versus MurNAc.","zh":"这是 Cellosyl 数据；低丰度去乙酰化无法明确定位于 GlcNAc 或 MurNAc。","es":"Son datos de Cellosyl. La desacetilación minoritaria no se localizó inequívocamente en GlcNAc o MurNAc."},"sources":[{"title":"Significant contribution of the pgdA gene to the virulence of Streptococcus suis","url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1365-2958.2008.06463.x","year":2008,"doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2958.2008.06463.x","locator":"Fine structure of S. suis PG; Figure 1; Table 1; Table S1; 31533; PMID 18990186","access":"full_text"}],"suggestedModel":"lys_direct","modelRelation":"same_species","catalogSpecies":null,"reviewed":true},{"id":"streptomyces-spp","species":"Streptomyces spp.","aliases":["S. spp.","链霉菌属"],"chemistry":{"en":"LL-DAP-Gly","zh":"LL-DAP-Gly","es":"LL-DAP-Gly"},"evidenceType":"legacy","digestEvidence":{"en":"Open the retained digestion view for source-level records where available. No new species-specific single-enzyme product list is asserted here.","zh":"已有消化页面保留可用的逐篇证据；此条目不新增该物种的单酶产物清单。","es":"La vista de digestión conserva los registros disponibles. Aquí no se afirma una nueva lista de productos de una sola enzima."},"limitations":{"en":"Retained coverage has not been revalidated in this update. A related model does not establish this species’ enzymes, modifications or product abundances.","zh":"本次尚未重新核验旧覆盖条目；相近模型不能证明该菌的酶、修饰或产物丰度。","es":"La cobertura previa no se ha revalidado aquí. Un modelo relacionado no demuestra enzimas, modificaciones ni abundancias de esta especie."},"sources":[],"suggestedModel":"lldap","modelRelation":"related","catalogSpecies":null,"reviewed":false},{"id":"ureaplasma-urealyticum","species":"Ureaplasma urealyticum","aliases":["U. urealyticum","解脲脲原体"],"chemistry":{"en":"No classical PG","zh":"没有经典PG","es":"Sin PG clásico"},"evidenceType":"legacy","digestEvidence":{"en":"Open the retained digestion view for source-level records where available. No new species-specific single-enzyme product list is asserted here.","zh":"已有消化页面保留可用的逐篇证据；此条目不新增该物种的单酶产物清单。","es":"La vista de digestión conserva los registros disponibles. Aquí no se afirma una nueva lista de productos de una sola enzima."},"limitations":{"en":"Retained coverage has not been revalidated in this update. A related model does not establish this species’ enzymes, modifications or product abundances.","zh":"本次尚未重新核验旧覆盖条目；相近模型不能证明该菌的酶、修饰或产物丰度。","es":"La cobertura previa no se ha revalidado aquí. Un modelo relacionado no demuestra enzimas, modificaciones ni abundancias de esta especie."},"sources":[],"suggestedModel":null,"modelRelation":null,"catalogSpecies":null,"reviewed":false},{"id":"vibrio-cholerae","species":"Vibrio cholerae","aliases":["V. cholerae","霍乱弧菌"],"chemistry":{"en":"Direct mDAP","zh":"直接mDAP","es":"mDAP directo"},"evidenceType":"legacy","digestEvidence":{"en":"Open the retained digestion view for source-level records where available. No new species-specific single-enzyme product list is asserted here.","zh":"已有消化页面保留可用的逐篇证据；此条目不新增该物种的单酶产物清单。","es":"La vista de digestión conserva los registros disponibles. Aquí no se afirma una nueva lista de productos de una sola enzima."},"limitations":{"en":"Retained coverage has not been revalidated in this update. A related model does not establish this species’ enzymes, modifications or product abundances.","zh":"本次尚未重新核验旧覆盖条目；相近模型不能证明该菌的酶、修饰或产物丰度。","es":"La cobertura previa no se ha revalidado aquí. Un modelo relacionado no demuestra enzimas, modificaciones ni abundancias de esta especie."},"sources":[{"title":"V. cholerae ShyA cleavage, 2013.","url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3769093/","year":null,"locator":"Retained model reference; not newly reviewed for this species","access":"legacy"}],"suggestedModel":"vibrio","modelRelation":"same_species","catalogSpecies":"V. cholerae","reviewed":false}],"updates":[{"id":"sh3b-2026","title":"The SH3b cell wall–binding domain of SpM23_B peptidoglycan hydrolase has antimicrobial activity","date":"2026-10-29","status":"peer_reviewed","source":{"url":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12915-026-02773-7","doi":"10.1186/s12915-026-02773-7","access":"abstract","locator":"Publisher accepted-article abstract; publication date"},"species":["Staphylococcus pettenkoferi"],"finding":{"en":"A study of the isolated SH3b cell-wall-binding domain distinguishes binding-domain effects from the full hydrolase.","zh":"研究单独的 SH3b 细胞壁结合域，区分结合域效应与完整水解酶。","es":"El estudio del dominio SH3b aislado distingue sus efectos de los de la hidrolasa completa."},"boundary":{"en":"Binding or antimicrobial activity alone does not identify a hydrolysed bond. No new cleavage animation is assigned to this domain.","zh":"结合或抗菌活性本身不能确定断键位点；不为该域新增酶切动画。","es":"La unión o actividad antimicrobiana por sí sola no identifica un enlace hidrolizado; no se asigna una animación de corte."}},{"id":"ftsex-2026","title":"Structural insights into peptidoglycan hydrolysis by the FtsEX system in Escherichia coli during cell division","date":"2026-10-28","status":"peer_reviewed","source":{"url":"https://elifesciences.org/articles/94336","doi":"10.7554/eLife.94336.3","access":"full_text","locator":"Version of Record; Abstract; eLife Assessment; Figures 1–5"},"species":["Escherichia coli"],"finding":{"en":"New version of record describes the FtsEX–EnvC regulatory assembly associated with AmiB activation.","zh":"正式版本解析与 AmiB 激活相关的 FtsEX–EnvC 调控复合体。","es":"La versión definitiva describe el complejo regulador FtsEX–EnvC asociado a la activación de AmiB."},"boundary":{"en":"FtsEX and EnvC are regulators, not peptide-cutting enzymes. The assessment notes a gap between the proposed ATP model and prior in-vivo evidence.","zh":"FtsEX 和 EnvC 是调控因子，不是直接切肽的酶；评审指出 ATP 模型与既往体内证据仍有差距。","es":"FtsEX y EnvC son reguladores, no peptidasas. La evaluación señala una brecha entre el modelo de ATP y la evidencia in vivo previa."}},{"id":"arm-a-2026","title":"A methanogen hydrolase reveals the structure of archaeal peptidoglycan","date":"2026-09-23","status":"peer_reviewed","source":{"url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-026-11028-y","doi":"10.1038/s41586-026-11028-y","access":"indexed_excerpt","locator":"Publisher abstract and publication metadata"},"species":["Methanobrevibacter smithii (Archaea)"],"finding":{"en":"ArmA reveals an archaeal wall architecture containing N-acetylarmosamine and distinct glycan linkages; the authors report glycosidic and crosslink-cleaving activities.","zh":"ArmA 揭示含 N-acetylarmosamine 及不同糖苷键的古菌细胞壁结构；作者报告糖苷键和交联切割活性。","es":"ArmA revela una pared arqueana con N-acetilarmosamina y enlaces glucosídicos distintos; los autores describen corte de glicanos y entrecruzamientos."},"boundary":{"en":"Archaeal comparison only; it is not a bacterial species record and is not mapped onto the bacterial MurNAc diagram. It does not change mutanolysin specificity.","zh":"仅作古菌对照，不计入细菌目录、不套用细菌 MurNAc 模型，也不改变 mutanolysin 的特异性。","es":"Solo comparación con arqueas: no se cuenta como especie bacteriana ni se aplica al esquema de MurNAc. No cambia la especificidad de mutanolisina."}},{"id":"ampg1-2026","title":"Peptidoglycan permease AmpG1 couples lytic transglycosylase activity to muropeptide import in Acinetobacter baumannii","date":"2026-07-24","status":"peer_reviewed","source":{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42497993/","doi":"10.1016/j.jbc.2026.113362","access":"indexed_excerpt","locator":"Indexed abstract; online publication 24 July, September issue"},"species":["Acinetobacter baumannii"],"finding":{"en":"The report links the muropeptide permease AmpG1 with the soluble lytic transglycosylase Slt.","zh":"研究将胞壁肽通透酶 AmpG1 与可溶性裂解转糖基酶 Slt 联系起来。","es":"El trabajo relaciona la permeasa de muropéptidos AmpG1 con la transglicosilasa lítica soluble Slt."},"boundary":{"en":"AmpG1 is catalogued as an associated transporter, not as the glycan-cleaving catalyst. This record does not define a wild-type single-enzyme product distribution.","zh":"AmpG1 按相关转运蛋白收录，不标成切糖链的催化酶；此记录不提供野生型单酶产物分布。","es":"AmpG1 se registra como transportador asociado, no como catalizador del corte del glicano; no define una distribución de productos de una sola enzima."}},{"id":"mlta-preprint-2026","title":"The lytic transglycosylase MltA participates in turnover of septal peptidoglycan in Escherichia coli","date":"2026-05-08","status":"preprint","source":{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42146403/","doi":"10.64898/2026.05.07.723478","access":"abstract","locator":"PubMed preprint record; no later journal version identified in this search"},"species":["Escherichia coli"],"finding":{"en":"Preprint assigns MltA a role in septal peptidoglycan turnover.","zh":"预印本提出 MltA 参与分裂隔膜肽聚糖周转。","es":"El preprint atribuye a MltA un papel en el recambio del peptidoglicano septal."},"boundary":{"en":"Not peer reviewed. This adds physiological context to the existing MltA entry, not a new peptide-cutting activity or quantitative chromatogram.","zh":"未经同行评审；补充已有 MltA 条目的生理背景，不增加切肽活性或定量色谱图。","es":"Sin revisión por pares. Añade contexto fisiológico a MltA, no una actividad peptidasa ni un cromatograma cuantitativo."}},{"id":"salmonella-lpp-2025","title":"Salmonella encodes murein lipoproteins differing in the anchoring to peptidoglycan and intermolecular association","date":"2025-11-15","status":"peer_reviewed","source":{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41362371/","doi":"10.1016/j.tcsw.2025.100161","access":"indexed_excerpt","locator":"Publisher and PubMed abstract metadata"},"species":["Salmonella enterica"],"finding":{"en":"S. enterica serovar Typhimurium has distinct LppA/LppB lipoproteins and PG anchoring features.","zh":"肠沙门菌 Typhimurium 血清型的 LppA/LppB 脂蛋白及其 PG 锚定存在差异。","es":"S. enterica serovar Typhimurium presenta diferencias entre LppA/LppB y su anclaje al PG."},"boundary":{"en":"Protein–PG anchoring is distinct from peptide-stem 4→3 or 3→3 crosslinking. Do not transplant the complete E. coli chemical inventory.","zh":"蛋白–PG 锚定不同于肽干间的 4→3 或 3→3 交联，不能照搬完整大肠杆菌化学目录。","es":"El anclaje proteína–PG difiere del entrecruzamiento 4→3 o 3→3; no se transfiere el inventario químico completo de E. coli."}},{"id":"bbmep-2025","title":"Biochemical characterization of Bifidobacterium bifidum peptidoglycan D,L-endopeptidase BbMep that generates NOD2 ligands","date":"2025-05-30","status":"peer_reviewed","source":{"url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12160582/","doi":"10.1039/D5CB00086F","access":"full_text","locator":"Figures 1–3; results on BbMep and BaMep"},"species":["Bifidobacterium bifidum","Bifidobacterium adolescentis"],"finding":{"en":"BbMep is a D,L-endopeptidase cutting stem position 2–3 in tested Lys/Orn-type substrates. BaMep remains unconfirmed as an active endopeptidase.","zh":"BbMep 为 D,L-内肽酶，在受测 Lys/Orn 型底物上切肽干第 2–3 位；BaMep 尚未证实有该活性。","es":"BbMep corta el enlace 2–3 del tallo en los sustratos Lys/Orn estudiados. La actividad endopeptidasa de BaMep sigue sin confirmarse."},"boundary":{"en":"Liberating soluble disaccharide products from sacculi requires a muramidase step. Tested non-crosslinked monomer standards were not cleaved; homology is not activity.","zh":"从菌囊释放可溶性二糖产物需要胞壁质酶步骤；受测未交联单体未被切割，同源性不等于活性。","es":"Liberar disacáridos solubles del sáculo requiere una muramidasa. Los monómeros no entrecruzados ensayados no se cortaron; homología no equivale a actividad."}},{"id":"pgfinder-2025","title":"A software tool and strategy for peptidoglycomics, the high-resolution analysis of bacterial peptidoglycans via LC-MS/MS","date":"2025-03-26","status":"peer_reviewed","source":{"url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s42004-025-01490-6","doi":"10.1038/s42004-025-01490-6","access":"indexed_excerpt","locator":"Publisher abstract; PMC11937551 metadata"},"species":["Rhizobium leguminosarum"],"finding":{"en":"PGFinder and PGLang support explicit composition descriptions and LC-MS/MS peptidoglycomics.","zh":"PGFinder 与 PGLang 支持明确描述组成及 LC-MS/MS 肽聚糖组学分析。","es":"PGFinder y PGLang permiten describir composiciones explícitas y analizar peptidoglicómica por LC-MS/MS."},"boundary":{"en":"A software candidate library is not a list of experimentally identified peaks. No mass, retention time or peak height is generated from the library here.","zh":"软件候选库不等于实测峰指认；本图谱不由候选库生成质量、保留时间或峰高。","es":"Una biblioteca de candidatos no equivale a picos identificados experimentalmente. No se generan masas, tiempos ni alturas a partir de ella."}}],"method":{"en":"Targeted primary-literature update searched through 6 November 2026: common clinical, oral and gut bacteria plus model organisms; 2025–2026 enzyme and peptidoglycomics papers, with earlier structural papers where needed. Search terms combined each species with peptidoglycan, muropeptide, mutanolysin, lysostaphin or crosslink. Publisher, PubMed/PMC and eLife records were checked. This is not a systematic-review-complete or all-strains inventory. Access level, preprints, mixed enzymes and evidence gaps remain explicit. Existing product tables retain their own earlier audit dates. The 7 November product recheck covers all 36 currently selected assignments from 9 papers. This is AI-assisted source curation without independent human sign-off. Database identifier checks, abstract reading, indexed excerpts and inspected source figures are distinct access levels. Full search-hit and exclusion counts were not recorded; systematic-review completeness cannot be claimed.","zh":"检索截至 2026 年 11 月 6 日：覆盖常见临床菌、口腔菌、肠道菌及模式菌，重点查找 2025–2026 年酶与肽聚糖组学研究，并追溯必要的早期结构论文。以菌名结合 peptidoglycan、muropeptide、mutanolysin、lysostaphin、crosslink 检索，核对出版社、PubMed/PMC 和 eLife 记录。尚未完成系统综述级筛查或所有菌株穷尽；保留全文可读性、预印本、混合酶和证据缺口标记。原产物表保留各自较早的审核日期。 11 月 7 日产物复核覆盖当前展示的 36 项指认、涉及 9 篇论文。核查由 AI 辅助完成，尚无独立人工复核。标识符解析、摘要阅读、原文索引摘录与原图核对是不同层级。完整检出、筛选和排除篇数未记录，不能宣称已完成系统综述。","es":"Búsqueda dirigida hasta el 6 de noviembre de 2026: bacterias clínicas, orales, intestinales y organismos modelo; estudios de enzimas y peptidoglicómica de 2025–2026 y fuentes estructurales anteriores. Se combinó cada especie con peptidoglycan, muropeptide, mutanolysin, lysostaphin o crosslink, comprobando editoriales, PubMed/PMC y eLife. No es una revisión sistemática completa ni un inventario de todas las cepas. Se indican acceso, preprints, mezclas enzimáticas y lagunas. Las tablas de productos previas conservan sus propias fechas de revisión. La revisión del 7 de noviembre abarca las 36 asignaciones seleccionadas de 9 artículos. Es una curación asistida por IA sin validación humana independiente. Se distinguen identificadores, resúmenes, extractos indexados y figuras originales inspeccionadas. No se registraron todos los resultados y exclusiones; no se afirma exhaustividad de revisión sistemática."},"methodology":{"type":"targeted_source_recheck","lastProductRecheck":"2026-11-07","productAssignments":36,"productPapers":9,"reviewer":"AI-assisted","independentHumanReview":false,"retrievedRecords":null,"screenedRecords":null,"exclusions":null,"countLimitation":"Full search-hit and exclusion counts were not prospectively recorded.","queryExamples":["\"srep07494\" \"Tetra\" \"Tri\"","\"From cells to muropeptide structures in 24 h\" \"Table 2\"","site.pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov \"LytF\" \"yhdD\""],"inclusion":"Original source identity and explicitly supported structural or reaction claims; sample and access boundary retained.","exclusion":"No inferred unique peak topology, universal strain abundance, protocol optimization or unsupported reagent equivalence."}}